Room 101 for you, traitor.

Exactly.

The reason I was wondering about this is that I read 1984 in high school like everybody else, but I was also a Christian.  I never even thought about any of the connections mentioned so far.  I mean... it was just not there.  It wasn't that I thought about it and rationalized it away.  I just didn't think about it.

The thing is, I was a teenager.  Granted, I was a very smart kid, but I'm perfectly willing to admit naivety or inexperience, or whatever else, if I was just too dense to see the connection.  What I'm afraid of, though, is that it was more 1984 at work.  That is, I was programmed so well that I never even considered the connection because, well.. there just couldn't have been one because Christianity is right.  And we were never at war with Eurasia.

Do you think a significant number of Christians could read 1984 and simply never even see themselves?  Or do you think it's not quite as Orwellian as all that, and they're just rationalizing it away or dismissing it?

Like... um... Big Brother...

Geez.  This is just rattling around my brain particularly noisily right now.  I think it also might have something to do with the blatant propoganda I'm seeing in the McCain/Palin campaign.  They aren't even trying to justify their claims.  They're just making shit up.  And everybody seems to believe them.  I feel like Winston (It was Winston, right?  It's been many years since I read it.) after his awakening.

In other words, Christianity really is an Orwellian state.  Wow.

And to think it could become the government...  

Never discount the power of truthiness!  It is mind boggling to see people with at least an average IQ so sure Obama is going to have Bin Laden in the Lincoln bedroom and turn our currency into something Zimbabweans would love to have. 

I know I often think the worst of people.  If they would just stop proving me right I swear I would stop it.  Honest.  I work for an investment advisor and watch otherwise intelligent people with decades more life experience than I screw themselves over financially all the time.  Then I go visit Dad and hear former Mennonites who are absolutely the nicest people you could ever meet repeating lines from Limbaugh and friends - never realizing just exactly what they are saying.

Some guy on digg was referring to "fascist liberals" the other day.  It just made me laugh as I see christainity as the perfect vehicle for bringing fascism.  They see secularism as fascist though.  Rationalization at it's finest!

(I don't know how to easily insert a picture, but it is the Palin one I was thinking of here.)

{EDIT: Just use the little picture of a mountain and the sun slightly above and right of the U button on the top panel.  HD}

I know there aren't many traditional Christians posting on these boards, but I'm wondering about how Christians think of 1984. There was a particularly Orwellian statement made in another thread, and it got me thinking. Do Christians even see the parallels between their religion and this book?

I haven't read 1984 so I can only comment on the parallels that will attempt to be drawn, but on a broader scope I do see a connection between Atheism and totalitarianism. So let's see how well are these parallels thought out.

Has anybody noticed that it's "common knowledge" that America was founded as a Christian Nation? It's hard to imagine a more effective and blatant propoganda campaign than the complete revision of history that's been perpetrated by the far right.

Well right off the bat we have a lot of problems. We could of course argue whether it's common knowledge that the US was founded as a Christian Nation. We could argue whether there is some far right propaganda campaign to say so. All are arguable points. But what I want to point out is the assumed error of propaganda being posted on an atheist propaganda site.

Do Christians recognize the doublespeak when they talk about free will? Do they recognize that defining good in terms of God and defining good in terms of the state is only a difference in words, not content?

So hmmm... so it's wrong to define good in terms of something. But it's ok for the atheist to define good by something. hmmm... yeah..

Now for the really pointed question. For the few Christians who do get it -- who do see the parallels -- do they think it's ok because it's their god, and do they really approve of totalitarianism so long as it's for Jesus?

Well I can't answer this one since I don't see any parallels just some rambling thoughts that can be turned right back on atheism. Better luck next time.

Jesus Fucking Christ, you ignorant twit!  You just said you haven't read the book.  You have no fucking clue what I'm talking about.  The scary thing is that this sentence, in a nutshell, proves EXACTLY what I was saying in the OP.

For those not afflicted with doublethink, do you see what I'm talking about?  This twit sees totalitarianism in atheism!  Despite the fact that it's logically impossible to derive anything from atheism, and despite the fact that a simple course in logic 101 would demonstrate this conclusively, he has accepted the statement that atheism connects to totalitarianism.  It has nothing to do with reality.  It has to do with what he believes because what he believes is right because if it wasn't then it wouldn't be what god said because god said it and it is true because it's true.

Anybody else see how this works?  Doublethink in action.  He's not going to consider that it's possible that there is a  propoganda campaign by the far right to revise history.  Despite the fact that the Republicans have had it as a talking point for eight years straight, and that every single candidate has mentioned it in speeches, and it's all over Fox News (oh yeah... I forgot... Fox isn't the voice of the Republican party. They're fair and balanced.) the only possible way to work this out is to believe that there isn't a propaganda campaign.

Did I say anything about wrong?  I mentioned equivalence.

You just lost pretty much all chance of getting any respect from me.  You haven't read the fucking book!  How the fuck could you see parallels when you have no fucking idea what I'm talking about.

Why don't you read the damn book and then come back to this thread.  It's an easy read.  One or two days.

God Damn It, it pisses me off when people prattle on about their beliefs in the same sentence as admitting their ignorance.  Dude, if you don't know what you're talking about, why don't you fucking say, "Wow... I've never read that book, so I have no idea how to answer the question.  I'll pick it up and read it, and then be back to comment."

Show me what isn't god you idol worshipers. Check out thermodynamics .... Idol worshiping I reject. All is one, as nothing can be separated, as NO Master, No Idol is rational .... nor logically possible.

   Here we are in 2008, as the old book by Orwell , "1984",  described  rather well ....

The fact is that so many atheists want government to take the place of god in being every one's imaginary provider is what drives to and keeps people in right-wing Christianity. Christians are convinced that the atheist agenda is a one world government that controls all buying and selling to force a social order where everyone becomes wards of the state. To read many of the posters here plays right into the fears of 1984 type atheist-socialist world order.

The prophecies of the anti-Christ and the mark of the beast plays right into their fears of a worldwide socialist/communist revolution, where everyone will have the same wealth and no liberty.

It's too bad today but if you stand for individual liberty and common sense approaches to help the poor and people with problems, you are labeled a right wing loon in the atheist community.

While attempts by government to control everything are doomed to fail as the Soviet Union demonstrated, the idealogical opposite of getting rid of regulations, Free Market Fundamentalism, has now been shown to be fatally flawed as well.

The only path with any hope is that of the rational middle ground, where decisions are based on observation of what seems to work, a readiness to introduce rules to damp down the excesses of greed, with some mechanism for objection and repeal or modification of rules which seem to be causing more harm than good.

Rejection of irrational beliefs, whether of the 'wisdom of the market' or of 'the dictatorship of the collective' would seem to be more consistent with Atheism, I would think. Soviet Russia may have been officially Atheist, but it was not free of dogmatic insistence on the correctness of a grand simplistic theory (Marxism).

We now see that the knee-jerk rejection of any government involvement in regulating society as bad, because it smacks of 'socialism', as leading to another set of problems...

There are plenty of fun parallels in Animal Farm, too (which I've always thought to be a much more enjoyable read). Moderates, just FYI, you are Boxer the horse.

Then there's the matter of the rules that were written in stone and hailed as absolute by the leadership... but, somehow, the list of them always seemed to grow shorter. Hm.

Regarding the parallels with 1984 I think are the strongest, I've got just three words for Christians:

Ministry of Love (or, alternatively, 'Love is hate')

Christians, you constantly describe your deity as being a loving and glorious entity - yet your most persuasive argument for getting people involved in your faith hinges on him being hateful and deranged!

Read my damn lips: Hell means God hates people. If he didn't want to throw people into eternal hellfire he wouldn't do it because there is absolutely no good, ethical reason at all for an all-powerful intelligent agency to do this!

You're worshipping hatred and spite. You just label it 'love'.

I've also got three words for Muslims:

Ministry of Peace (or, allternatively, 'Peace is war')

Muslims, you describe Islam as a peaceful religion - yet your fundamentalists aren't marching around blowing kisses, throwing-up peace signs and handing-out flowers. They're blowing themselves up to kill anyone who isn't a muslim, because anyone who isn't a muslim is an infidel plotting against Islam and is therefore preventing peace for flourishing.

Your message puts you into a state of perpetual war against everyone. Even if the world converted to Islam, there would still be gradients within the faith, so people would be blowing themselves up in in a martyr's fight for 'true' Islamic doctrine. If your religion were actually peaceful, it would not advocate martyrdom and violence against anything outside of it!

You're worshipping war. You just label it 'peace'.

Ironically that view on Islam could lead to more war (War in Iraq anybody?) but you know....

Well.. actually.. depending on what "Iraq War" you're talking about, it had nothing to do with "religious fundamentalism" and completely to do with the protection of economic interests (or humanitarian ones, whichever).

See Iraq War I.

Set off, not by terrorist attacks, but by a relatively secular rulers invasion of a neighboring country for a collection of non-religiously-based reasons.  The international reaction to such an invasion was also, I believe, non-religiously-based.

...Then reason I ask if you've read it or not, Cap'n, is that lately you've been defending your position as innocuous. If you care to follow a metaphor, it's easy for me to demonstrate that this is wrong.

Boxer the horse was a hard-working individual of high character, but low intelligence. He did not agree with the violence at the farm that the pigs perpetuated or the demonization of Snowball, but regardless, still held that Napoleon was right. By insisting that the farm just needed to hold together and refusing to realize what Napoleon's actions meant about his intentions, Boxer enabled and protected the pigs and effectively held them in power.

The fundies are really just using you, and you can't get past the God doublethink to realize it. When the chips are down, you, Eloise and every other moderate that helped to cement their bigotry and intolerance in place will be sold-off like the rest of us in exchange for their great, glorious trip to see their lord.

Bush

The question now is of course WHY they flew (Hint: U.S military presence in Saudia Arabia..), you said the Muslims target everyone. This is clearly not the case. 

and what the fuck did Hussien have to do with it? The only way Bush could link Hussien to Bin Laden is that they're both Muslim.

I do recall good 'ol W said we needed to reform arab society to prevent future 9/11s. Do you think Bush could have rallied up the support for Iraq without 9/11? Portraying the Muslim Hussien of aiding the Muslim terrorists?

No. Read 1984 it in like grade 10 though, and pretty much forgot what happens.

Never read it.. I don't read many fiction books, except.. well, I have read like.. 30 fiction books.

This statement has been made many times, it appears.  The problem I have with it is that no one cares to define what they mean by "Christian Nation."  Certainly you, Hamby, can think of at least one sense in which this label would be fitting to our nation?

Not understood.  Perhaps I need to have read the book.

Me? No, never.  At the very heart of the Christian message, as I understand it, is the ability to freely will and to live your life in accordance with that free will--i.e., totalitarianism is the antithesis of "christianity."

Of course, that statement is predicated upon my understanding of the word totalitarianism and its implications.

Of course I could see god as a dictator.  The term "god" really has no definition at all... and so, with a couple flips of a twitch I could add or take away characteristics of "god" to make it more inline with the term "dictatorship."  But, to equate my understanding of "god" with "dictator" is as much a stretch of definitional imposition as it would be to equate the word "baby" with "dictator."

Could be, I suppose.

"Liberal" is another one of those things that is hard to pin down definitionally.  The phrase "fascist liberal" is not inherently contradictory--although, I would agree that it is probably used without much thought, or perhaps without much understanding.

One possible, non contradictory, definition of "fascist liberal" would be "an individual in overbearing favor of concepts of maximum individual freedom as guaranteed by law and secured by governmental protection of civil liberties."

The important part of this phrase is "as guaranteed by law and secured by governmental protection of civil liberties."  That part of the definition is a matter of personal opinion, and many people disagree as to what it pertains to.  A libertarian, who I imagine has very different ideas of "civil liberties" than a liberal, would find it very "overbearing" or "fascist" to say that the "government protection of civil liberties" should extend to restrict a persons ability to sell or not sell his property on a discriminatory basis.

See the Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act.

Then again, the preceding argument is predicated on many assumptions about words "liberal," "fascist," "libertarian," "civil liberties," etc.  Which, I suppose, is part of the problem with regard to attacking something like this.

Nevertheless, I would agree that the phrase is in no way productive.. especially without further definition.

Explain further.  I'm not entirely sure it's true, but I've definitely not attempted it.  Are you saying that "atheism," itself, is non-derivable? Or that because "atheism" is a non-belief, and as such is non-derivable (i.e., all non-beliefs are non-derivable)?

Despite the fact that I have never read it, I feel that I can comment on certain issues of this thread because it is apparent what the issue is.  Of course, that doesn't not mean that I can address all issues.

Example?

This position just doesn't exist on a mainstream level.. the closest that has come to it has been Ron Paul's ideas with regard to the elimination of the Federal Reserve.  As long as a person is in favor of keeping the Federal Reserve he/she cannot profess to be a "Free Market Fundamentalist."  

While "Free Market Fundamentalism" may in fact be flawed, we just haven't had a modern example of it--at least not to my recollection.

Feel free to correct me on this one. 

What has been shown by countless instance, however, is that deregulation is not per se good.

Government = regulation.  What else would it be?

The issue, as you somewhat stated, should be, IMHO, finding the balance of regulation and nonregulation that maximizes "goodness."

Mine doesn't hinge on that.

I'll let those who believe such talk of such beiefs.

That's a rather broad brush to paint all muslims with.

Silliness.

Rhad, I have no problem with the observation that America is a nation filled with mostly Christians who have legislated large swaths of their dogma, but I will not even entertain the twaddle that is passed as history.  The original documents that still exist, and can still be viewed by anybody with a mind to do so report clearly and unequivocably that America was founded specifically as a nation devoid of religious connection or affiliation.  That was the fucking point.  Separating church and state.

My original point was that your view of Islam (reference your initial post..) helped fuel the support for Iraq, and ironically the U.S presence in Iraq would likely increase the likely hood of another terrrorist attack.

What a naive view of suicide terrorism. Notice how that offers no explanition as to why they did it? Why attack America? Why the WTC? Do you have any idea of how terrorist pick their targets?

You might want to try looking at the facts. The terrorists pick their targets very carefully. Why the attacks in U.K? Do you think that has anything to do with U.K presence in Iraq? Bin Laden even offered a peace treaty with any nation that withdraws their troops from the Arab Pensuila.

So it is much more complicated than the "kill t3h infidels"

*sigh*

 Al Qaeda has never conducted an attack on Israel. Funny that eh? They select targets with troops in the Arab pensula. Tha Madrid bombings were a call for Spainish troops to withdraw from Iraq.

All the attacks on Israel were conducted by groups from Lebanon and Palestine, which coincidently I'm sure, are currently being occupied by Israel. Funny that too eh?

Now explain the Bin Laden offering to halt attacks on countries that withdraw from the Arab pensula.

Oh and the WTC is a symbol of U.S capatilism, now why the pentagon? Oh yeah, it represents the military power of the U.S who are putting troops in their home land.

Notice how the U.K attacks came AFTER the U.K Presence in Iraq? Did you know Al Qaeda terrorists are 10 times more ikely to come from nations with Americian military presence?

Moron.

What about the Treaty of Tripoli and the fact that the exact words "wall of separation between church and state" are from Thomas Jefferson?

And all the anti-Christian quotes by founding fathers:

here

(note these are by famous people in general but some are by founding fathers. ) Ever read "The Age of Reason" by Thomas Paine? It was a scathing direct attack on Christianity he wrote while thinking he was going to be guillotined.

Yeah Matt .... one of my old bands I named Thomas Jefferson, only because Thomas Paine wasn't as well known. My late dad taught his 5 kids this stuff, me the oldest.

Said the pot to the kettle.

k

As quoted by Robert Pape in Dying to Win: The stragetic logic of suicide terrorism page 57.

Emphasis mine. Better source than wikipedia don't you think?

Which kinda strengthens my point. Who's preventing it from becoming a state Kev?

Here's something else to chew on:

During the 1982-1986 suicide campaign against Israel, (41 attackers total, 38 with data.)

27 (71%..) were with groups opposed to Islamic fundamentalism (communist/socialist groups..) and only 8 were with groups asociated with it. (Group Islamic Jihad..)

page 205  Dying to Win: The stragetic logic of suicide terrorism

Whoops forgot this:

page 112  Dying to Win: The stragetic logic of suicide terrorism

LoL!

Yes, Cap'n. One book written for the general public, dealing with subject matter Dr. Pape curiously did not submit for peer review in the academic community, is far better than multiple articles from wikipedia that are well-cited.

Just how well-cited? Well...

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2. ^ "Foreign Terrorist Organizations List". United States Department of State. Retrieved on 2007-08-03. - USSD Foreign Terrorist Organization
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6. ^ Wright, Looming Tower, (2006), p.270
7. ^ Fu'ad Husayn `Al-Zarqawi ... "The Second Generation of al-Qa’ida, Part Fourteen," Al-Quds al-Arabi, July 13, 2005
8. ^ al-Hammadi, Khalid, `The Inside Story of al-Qa'ida,` part 4, Al-Quds al-Arabi, March 22, 2005
9. ^ Evolution of the al-Qaeda brand name
10. ^ The Moral Logic and Growth of Suicide Terrorism
11. ^ "Security Council Resolutions Related to the Work of the Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 1267 (1999) Concerning Al-Qaida and the Taliban and Associated Individuals and Entities". United Nations Security Council. Retrieved on 2007-01-09.
12. ^ NATO. "Press Conference with NATO Secretary General, Lord Robertson". Retrieved on 2006-10-23.
13. ^ NATO Library (2005). "AL QAEDA" (PDF). Retrieved on 2007-06-11.
14. ^ Commission of the European Communities (2004-10-20). "COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT" (DOC). Retrieved on 2007-06-11.
15. ^ United States Department of State. "Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs)". Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
16. ^ Australian Government. "Listing of Terrorist Organisations". Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
17. ^ The Hindu : Centre bans Al-Qaeda
18. ^ Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada. "Entities list". Retrieved on 2006-07-03.
19. ^ Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs (March 21, 2006). "21, 2006.htm Summary of indictments against Al-Qaeda terrorists in Samaria". Retrieved on 2007-06-10.
20. ^ Diplomatic Bluebook (2002). "B. TERRORIST ATTACKS IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM" (PDF). Retrieved on 2007-06-11.
21. ^ Korean Foreign Ministry (August 14, 2007). "Seoul confirms release of two Korean hostages in Afghanistan". Retrieved on 2007-09-16. 
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24. ^ "Russia Outlaws 17 Terror Groups; Hamas, Hezbollah Not Included". 
25. ^ Ministry for Foreign Affairs Sweden (March–June 2006). "Radical Islamist Movements in the Middle East" (PDF). Retrieved on 2007-06-11.
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27. ^ Listen to the US pronunciation (RealPlayer).
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30. ^ Mahan Abedin (February 5, 2004). "The Essence of Al Qaeda: An Interview With Saad Al-Faqih", Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved on 2008-03-15. "The Bait al-Ansar or “Dwelling of the Partisans” was a guesthouse established by Bin Laden in the 1980’s in Peshawar for Arab volunteers wanting to travel to Afghanistan." 
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36. ^ United States v. Enaam M. Arnaout
37. ^ Wright, Looming Tower (2006), p.133-4
38. ^ 1998 Fatwa
39. ^ Wright, Looming Tower, (2006), p.260
40. ^ ^{a b} The Rebellion Within, An Al Qaeda mastermind questions terrorism. by Lawrence Wright. newyorker.com, June 2, 2008
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48. ^ Demokratizatsiya, Spring 2003, re-published at Find Articles, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3996/is_200304/ai_n9199132/pg_6; "Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and International Terrorism," by ABC News correspondent John K. Cooley
49. ^ Wright, Looming Tower, (2006), p.103
50. ^ Wright, Looming Tower (2006), p.137
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52. ^ "The Osama bin Laden I know" (2006-01-18). Retrieved on 2007-01-09.
53. ^ Wright, Lawrence (2006). Looming Tower, 181. ISBN 1400030846. 
54. ^ MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base
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56. ^ Douglas Jehl, "Holy War lured Saudis as Rulers Looked Away", New York Times December 27, 2001 [1]
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58. ^ "Context of 'Shortly After April 1994'". Cooperative Research History Commons. Retrieved on 2007-01-12.
59. ^ Wright, Looming Towers (2006), p.195
60. ^ Wright, 2006, p.186
61. ^ Islam's Medieval Outposts
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74. ^ Relevant excerpt from the series, The Power of Nightmares
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76. ^ "A Traitor's Tale By Johanna McGeary". Time (2001-02-19). Retrieved on 2007-06-12.
77. ^ The Power of Nightmares. BBC documentary by Adam Curtis.
78. ^ Wright, Looming Tower (2006), p.332
79. ^ Qutb, Milestones, (2003) p.63 p.69
80. ^ Wright, Looming Towers, (2006), p.79
81. ^ How Did Sayyid Qutb Influence Osama bin Laden?
82. ^ Lawrence Wright, who interviewed Azzam. Wright, Looming Tower, 2006, p.36
83. ^ Sayyid Qutb's Milestones (footnote 24)
84. ^ Qutbism: An Ideology of Islamic-Fascism DALE C. EIKMEIER From Parameters, Spring 2007, pp. 85-98.
85. ^ ^{a b} Wright, Looming Tower, (2006), p.174
86. ^ testimony of Jamal al-Fadl, U.S. v. Usama bin Laden, et.al.
87. ^ ^{a b} Wright, Looming Tower, (2006), p.178
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93. ^ J. Esposito 'Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam' 2002. New York, Oxford University Press. p22
94. ^ Hamid Miir 'Osama claims he has nukes: If U.S. uses N-arms it will get the same response' "Dawn: the Internet Edition" November 10, 2001
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96. ^ "Al Qaeda Scaled Back 10-Plane Plot", Washington Post (2004-06-17). Retrieved on 2007-01-11. 
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101. ^ "Full transcript of bin Ladin's speech". Al Jazeera (November 1, 2004). Retrieved on 2006-07-12.
102. ^ Timothy Thomas, "Al Qaeda and the Internet: The Danger of Cyberplanning" Retrieved February 14, 2007.
103. ^ Coll, Steve and Susan B. Glasser (2005-08-07). "Terrorists Turn to the Web as Base of Operations", The Washington Post. 
104. ^ Scheuer, Michael (January 2008). "Bin Laden Identifies Saudi Arabia as the Enemy of Mujahideen Unity". Terrorism Focus. Jamestown Foundation.
105. ^ Whitlock, Craig (2005-08-08). "Briton Used Internet As His Bully Pulpit" (http). WashingtonPost.com. Retrieved on May 29, 2006.
106. ^ "Babar Ahmad Indicted on Terrorism Charges". United States Attorney's Office District of Connecticut (2004-10-06). Retrieved on May 29, 2006.
107. ^ Cook, Robin. "The struggle against terrorism cannot be won by military means". Guardian Unlimited. Retrieved on 2005-07-08.
108. ^ Steve Coll, Ghost Wars (Penguin, 2005 edn), pp.145-6, 155-6.
109. ^ Bergen, Peter. "Bergen: Bin Laden, CIA links hogwash". CNN. Retrieved on 2006-08-15.
110. ^ Bergen, Holy War, Inc (Weidenfield & Nicholson, 2001), pp.72-3.
111. ^ [http://www.tnr.com/toc/story.html?id=702bf6d5-a37a-4e3e-a491-fd72bf6a9da1 The Unraveling by Peter Bergen and Paul Cruickshank. The jihadist revolt against bin Laden]
112. ^ Libya releases scores of prisoners APRIL 09, 2008
113. ^ ^{a b} The Unraveling by Peter Bergen and Paul Cruickshank. The jihadist revolt against bin Laden
114. ^ strata-sphere.com al-Qaeda Losing Support On Muslim Street, Terrorist Attacks Down 40% Since 2001
115. ^ December 18, 2007 Poll: Most Saudis oppose al Qaeda

1. ^ frontline: the man who knew: timeline - al qaeda's global context | PBS
2. ^ [1] Madrid Bluff?. Letter doesn't look like al Qaeda. National Review
3. ^ [2] Madrid Massacre Probe Widens: ...The London-based Arabic newspaper Al-Quds al-Arabi said Thursday evening it had received a claim of responsibility in the name of al Qaeda...[]...The group making the claim, Abu Hafs al Masri Brigades, is affiliated with al-Qaeda and has carried out bombings before. But U.S. officials caution the group is "notoriously unreliable" and does not necessarily speak for Osama bin Laden's organization. For example, Abu Hafs took credit for last summer's Northeast blackout.
4. ^ A senior official in Prime Minister Jose Maria Aznar's office said the government was studying the reported claim but still thought ETA was more likely behind the attacks...[]..."When ETA attacks, the Basque heart breaks into a thousand pieces", Basque regional president Juan Jose Ibarretxe said...[]...The Interior Ministry said tests showed the explosives used in the attacks were a kind of dynamite normally used by ETA...[]...The bombers used titadine, a kind of compressed dynamite also found in a bomb-laden van intercepted last month as it headed for Madrid, a source at Aznar's office said, speaking on condition of anonymity. Officials blamed ETA then, too.
5. ^ The Independent article:While the bombers may have been inspired by Bin Laden, a two-year investigation into the attacks has found no evidence that al-Qa'ida helped plan, finance or carry out the bombings, or even knew about them in advance
6. ^ [3] "the length of time between the Madrid bombings and Abu Nayaf al-Afghani’s claim has cast doubt on its authenticity..[]...Other sources attribute the March 11 attacks to the group Abu Dujana Al-Afghani Ansar Al-Qaeda Europe, which appears be an alias for Abu Nayaf al-Afghani. A separate al-Qaeda linked organization, the Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigade, also declared responsibility for the Madrid attacks, and although it faces similar questions about the validity of its claims, it is generally regarded by authorities as having carried out the attacks"
7. ^ MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Database (see MIPT)
8. ^ The Times Bomb squad link in Spanish blast
9. ^ The worst Islamist attack in European history | World news | guardian.co.uk
10. ^ Leak reveals official story of London bombings | UK news | The Observer
11. ^ http://www.nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/FeaturedDocs/nefadenmarkpakistan0608.pdf

Huh. Over a hundred and twenty so far, and that's just dealing with Al Qaeda. I even directly linked you to The Guardian article...

1. ^ His name can also be transliterated into English as Mahmud or Mahmood; Ahmadinezhad, Ahmadi-Nejad, Ahmadi Nejad, or Ahmady Nejad.
2. ^ ^{a b} "Mahmoud Ahmadinejad" Accessed 27-01-2008.
3. ^ "Iran hardliner hails poll victory" BBC News. Accessed 06-12-2006.
4. ^ conservative tehran mayor wins upset victory
5. ^ ^{a b} "IRI's Constitution, Article 113". Accessed 27-01-2008.
6. ^ "IRI's Constitution" Accessed 27-01-2008.
7. ^ Chomsky, Noam. "A Predator Becomes More Dangerous When Wounded", "Archived here". The Guardian. Accessed 28-03-2007.
8. ^ Deghanpisheh, Babak. "Bear Hugs." World Press Review. Accessed 03-05-2007.
9. ^ "Oiling the Axis - Iran and Venezuela develop closer ties." Jane's Information Group. Accessed 29-07-2007.
10. ^ "Broader ties among Persian Gulf states in region's interest - Ahmadinejad." IRNA. Accessed 29-07-2007.
11. ^ "Iran president 'ready for talks.'" BBC News. Accessed 12-02-2007.
12. ^ "Iran president says U.N. sanctions unlikely", CNN. Accessed 24-04-2007.
13. ^ "Iran president: Israel flies Satan's flag" USA Today. Accessed 18-08-2007.
14. ^ Fathi, Naila. "U.N. Scrutiny Won't Make Iran Quit Nuclear Effort, President Says" New York Times. Accessed 15-01-2006.
15. ^ "Iran denies Israel attack threat". New York Times. Accessed 29-10-2005.
16. ^ ^{a b}
    • "Holocaust comments spark outrage", BBC News, Accessed 14-12-2005.
    • "Iran leader's comments attacked", BBC News, Accessed 27-01-2008.
    • Esfandiari, Golnaz. "Iran: President's Latest Comments About Israel Spark Further Condemnation". Radio Free Europe. Accessed 28-01-2008.
    • Vick, Karl and Mary Jordan. "World Leaders Condemn Iranian's Call to Wipe Israel 'Off the Map'". Washington Post. Accessed 28-10-2005.
    • "NCC Condemns Ahmadinejad’s Holocaust Statement". National Council of Churches. Accessed 16-12-2007.
    • Slackman, Michael. "In Tehran, a riposte to the Danish cartoons". The New York Times, Accessed 24-09-2007.
    • "Germans Protest Against Ahmadinejad, Racism As Cup Opens". Deutsche Welle, Accessed 11-06-2006.
    • "Annan: 'Dismay' over Iranian comments on Israel". CNN. Accessed 27-09-2007.
    • Fathi, Nazila. "Text of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's Speech". New York Times. Accessed 17-10-2006.
    • "Iran vote seen as referendum on Ahmadinejad". The Boston Globe. Accessed 27-12-2006.
    • Bronner, Ethan. "Just How Far Did They Go, Those Words Against Israel?" The New York Times. Accessed 11-06-2006.
    • "Ahmadinejad misunderstood, says Iran". The Daily Times of Pakistan. Acccessed 22-02-2006.
17. ^ ^{a b} "Iranian Leader Opens Up:Ahmadinejad Speaks Candidly With Mike Wallace About Israel, Nukes, Bush", 60 Minutes, CBS News. CBS News. Accessed 2006-10-18
18. ^ "Iranian leader: Holocaust a 'myth'". CNN. 14-12-2006.
19. ^
    • "Iran team face mass protest", The Guardian, Accessed 11-06-2007.
    • "Eurovision may ban Israeli entry due to lyrics on nuclear war", Haaretz, Accessed 03-02-2007.
    • "Iran's Rhetoric on Holocaust Anger German Muslims", Deutsche Welle, Accessed 18-02-2007.
    • Stephens, Bret. "Anti-Anti-Semitism defended", The New Republic, Accessed 12-02-2007.
    • "We won't be fooled again". The News Leader. 15-02-2007.
    • Namazi, Ghassem. "We should be sorry". Iranian.com. Accessed 01-02-2006..
    • Sayyed, Tashbih. The Bane Of Jihad. Muslim World Today. Accessed 26-01-2007.
    • Ivins, Molly. "Ivins: Wow! Some real diplomacy!", CNN, Accessed 08-06-2006.
    • "Iran: Nuclear talks still possible". CNN. Accessed 05-02-2006.
    • Smith-Spark, Laura. "Racism fears dog World Cup build-up". BBC News. Accessed 26-05-2006.
    • "Annan condemns Holocaust denial". BBC News. Accessed 27-01-2006.
    • "He was defeated by the even more hard-line and anti-Semitic Mahmoud Ahmadinejad...". Joel C. Rosenberg. Epicenter: Why the Current Rumblings in the Middle East Will Change Your Future, Tyndale House Publishers, Inc., 2006, p. 109, ISBN 1414311354
    • "Israel Wants West to Deal More Urgently With Iran" The New York Times. Accessed 28-03-2008.
    • "NCC Condemns Ahmadinejad’s Holocaust Statement", National Council of Churches, Accessed 16-12-2005.
20. ^ "Iranian leader 'not anti-Semite'". BBC (21 September 2006). Retrieved on 2007-04-08. "'Some people think if they accuse me of being anti-Jew they can solve the problem. No, I am not anti-Jew,' he said. 'I respect them very much.'"
21. ^ "Iran interest rate cut sparks panic selling" Guardian Unlimited.Accessed 29-07-2007.
22. ^ مدیریت و" برنامه ریزی منحل ش" BBC Persian. Accessed 29-07-2007. | url = http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=175959 | title = Assembly of Experts to study economic reform plan: Rafsanjani | accessdate = 2008-08-23 | date = 23 August 2008 | publisher = Tehran Times | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = }}
23. ^ ^{a b} "A Humble Beginning Helped to Form Iran's New Hard Man". The Guardian. Accessed 27-01-2008.
24. ^ "Bio: Ahmadinejad". Jerusalem Post. Accessed 27-01-2008.
25. ^ ^{a b c d} Hassan, Hussein. "Iran: Profile and Statements of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad". CRS Report for Congress. Accessed 27-01-2008.
26. ^ "Iran's president launches weblog." BBC News. Accessed on 31-08-2006.
27. ^ ^{a b c d} "Biography of H.E. Dr. Ahmadi Nejad, Honourable President of Islamic Republic of Iran." Accessed 27-01-2008.
28. ^ ^{a b c d e f} "President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad" Global Security. Accessed 27-01-2008.
29. ^ ^{a b} "Historic Personalities of Iran: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad" Iran Chamber. Accessed 28-01-2008.
30. ^ "Interview transcript: Mojtaba Samareh-Hashemi". Financial Times (2008-05-30). Retrieved on 2008-07-15.
31. ^ http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1145961353570&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull "Bio: Ahmadinejad."] Jerusalem Post. Accessed 27-01-2008.
32. ^ "Iran's Ahmadinejad Heckled at University." Newsmax. Accessed 27-01-2008.
33. ^ "Ahamd Bozorgian (MP): 'The Separation of men and women's elevators is an advantageous policy. It would help to grow.'" Entekhab News. Accessed 31-08-2006.
34. ^ ^{a b} "The 2005 World Mayor finalists" Accessed 27-01-2008.
35. ^ Aneja, Atul (2006). "New Dynamics." Frontline. Accessed 28-07-2007.
36. ^ "Hard Line Figure in Iran Runoff." The Washington Post. Accessed 26-01-2008.
37. ^ "Iran and the art of crisis management." Asia Times. Accessed 26-01-2008.
38. ^ Brea, Jennifer. "Profile: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of Iran." Accessed 31-08-2006.
39. ^ "Profile of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Friend or foe?" Persian Mirror. Acessed 26-01-2008.
40. ^ "Iran Symposium: 'Divide and empower" Prospect Magazine. Accessed 27-01-2008.
41. ^ "Iran hardliner becomes president". BBC (3 August 2005). Retrieved on 2006-12-06.
42. ^ "Behind Ahmadinejad, a Powerful Cleric". New York Times (9 September 2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-06.
43. ^ http://tofoiran.packdeal.com/clips/DrIman/20060906-DrIman-CNN-225.asx
44. ^ "Ahmadinejad’s cabinet declared." Presidency of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Accessed 18-10-2006.
45. ^ "Khamenei calls for moderating national stance on nukes" Israeli Insider. Accessed 27-01-2008.
46. ^ Blair, Edmund. "Results in Iranian Vote Seen as Setback for Ahmadinejad" Reuters. Accessed 18-12-2006.
47. ^ ^{a b} "Tentative steps: Ahmadinejad's economic reform." The Entrepreneur. Accessed 01-02-2008.
48. ^ Bakhtiar, Abbas. "Ahmadinejad's Achilles Heel." Payvand. Accessed 25-01-2007.
49. ^ “Economics is for donkeys” Robert Tait, Published 11 September 2008
50. ^ "Iranian economists lash out at Ahmadinejad's policies." Daily Star. Accessed 26-01-2008.
51. ^ "Geopolitics casts pall on hobbled Iranian economy." USA Today. Accessed 26-01-2008.
52. ^ Sanati, Kimia. "Ahmadinejad held to election promises". Asia Times. Accessed 01-02-2008.
53. ^ Dareini, Ali Akbar. "Iran's Discontent With Ahmadinejad Grows." The Washington Post. Accessed 28-08-2007.
54. ^ AFP: Ahmadinejad slammed by outgoing economy minister
55. ^ AFP: Martyrdom would solve Iran's economic woes: Ahmadinejad
56. ^ الف - واردات غیرقانونی بنزین را به دستور رئیس‏جمهور انجام داده‏ایم
57. ^ :: پايگاه اطلاع رساني نوروز :: www.norooznews.ir :: تخلف دو ميليارد دلاري احمدي‌نژاد در وارادات غيرقانوني بنزين ::
58. ^ "Ahmadinejad urges Iranian baby boom to challenge West" The Guardian Accessed 03-05-2007.
59. ^ [1]
60. ^ ""Reza's Compassion Fund" project archived." (in (Persian)). Rooz. Retrieved on 2006-10-17.
61. ^ "Video of Imam Reza Love Fund." IranNegah. Accessed 18-05-2008.
62. ^ "Reza's Compassion Fund; a political fund with 530 billion budget." (in (Persian)). Rooz. Retrieved on 2006-10-17.
63. ^ "World Report 2007" Human Rights Watch. Accessed 26-01-2008.
64. ^ "" Rajanews. Accessed 26-01-2008.
65. ^ "" Rajanews. Accessed 26-01-2008.
66. ^ Fathi, Nazila. "Students disrupt speech by Iran chief" New York Times. Accessed 12-12-2006.
67. ^ "Ahmadinejad's adviser criticizes hijab enforcement issue." Baztab. Accessed 23-4-2007.
68. ^ "Protest against the second cultural revolution." Rooz. Accessed 18-10-2006.
69. ^ Irani, Hamid. "Cleansing in the Name of Retirement" Accessed 18-10-2006.
70. ^ "Khoshchehreh (MP) protests against the unwanted retirement of university professors." Aftab News. Accessed on 18-10-2006.
71. ^ "Different aspects of the unwanted retirement of university professors." Aftab News. Accessed 18-10-2006.
72. ^ "صدور حکم بازنشستگی برای ۵۳ استاد دانشگاه علم و صنعت، ادوار نيوز" Gooya. Accessed 26-01-2008.
73. ^ [2] Rooz Online. Accessed 26-01-2008.
74. ^ ^{a b} Theodoulou, Michael. "Protesters condemn Holocaust conference." The Scotsman. Accessed 06-05-2007.
75. ^ President: Students are pioneers of revolutionary movements - Irna
76. ^ Films of yesterday protest in Iran are leaking out « Connections پیوست
77. ^ [3] [4]
78. ^ Freedom and Liberty - Ahmadinejad's English Blog
79. ^ Nazila Fathi (12 December 2006). "Students disrupt speech by Iran chief", New York Times News Service. 
80. ^ "Ahamadinejad: "We will reach the nuclear energy in near future." BBC News. Accessed 29-10-2006.
81. ^ "Ahmadinejad Claims Iran Has 3,000 Centrifuges" Missile Defense Advocacy. Accessed 04-09-2007.
82. ^ "Excerpts: Ahmadinejad conference." BBC News. Accessed 29-10-2006.
83. ^ ^{a b} Goodman, Amy; Gonzalez, Juan (2008-09-26). "Ahmadinejad: Nukes for politically backward states", Press TV. Retrieved on 2008-09-26. 
84. ^ "Ahmadinejad: Iran can now talk to world from vantage point of a nuclear state." Arabic News. Accessed 29-10-2006.
85. ^ "Ahmadinejad: Iran nuke right non-negotiable." UPI. Accessed 12-06-2006
86. ^ Recknagel, Charles. "Iran: Election Of Ahmadinejad Unlikely To Affect Nuclear Negotiations." Radio Free Europe. Accessed 29-102006.
87. ^ "Iran rebukes its prez over N-policy." The Times of India. Accessed 26-01-2008.
88. ^ [5] Raja News. Accessed 26-01-2008.
89. ^ "Ahmadinejad: Nations jealous of nuclear progress" Accessed 24-02-2008.
90. ^ International Crisis Group, Iran: Ahmadi-Nejad’s Tumultuous Presidency, 6 February 2007
91. ^ Edalat, Abbas. "The US can learn from this example of mutual respect". The Guardian. Accessed 05-04-2007.
92. ^ "Ali Akbar Velayati, Adviser To The Leader: 'Everything is negotiable'". Iran Press Service. Accessed 27-01-2008.
93. ^ "Iran’s President Threatens Crackdown on Christianity" CBN News. Accessed 27-01-2008.
94. ^ news.gooya.eu Gooya. Accessed 27-01-2008.
95. ^ Harrison, Frances. "Iran police move into fashion business" Accessed 16-04-2007.
96. ^ "روزنامه هاشمي": بوسه‌ احمدی‌نژاد بر دست معلم سالخورده‌اش، اشكال شرعي دارد!" Ansar News. Accessed 27-01-2008.
97. ^ "Ahmadinejad accused of indecency" BBC News. Accessed 28-01-2008.
98. ^ "Growing pressure on Ahmadinejad" BBC News, Accessed16-01-2007.
99. ^ Iran Focus-Iran’s new President has a past mired in controversy - Iran (General) - News
100. ^ Iran President Ahmadinejad In Rows With 3 Leading Officials - AFP
101. ^ Ahmadinejad Attacks Haddad Adel (Iran Press Service)
102. ^ Press TV - Haddad-Adel: Constitution not violated
103. ^ الف - پاسخ رئیس‏مجلس به رئیس‏جمهور
104. ^ "Statement: Mr Ali Kordan", The University of Oxford (2008-08-15). Retrieved on 2008-08-17. 
105. ^ "سوابق اخلاقي", Rooz online (2008-08-14). Retrieved on 2008-08-14. 
106. ^ "تصویر سند بازداشت عوض علی کردان به اتهام ازاله بکارت" (in Persian), Peykeiran (2008-08-18). Retrieved on 2008-08-18. 
107. ^ Gollust, David. "US Ready For Another Meeting With Iran." Voice of America. Accessed 26-01-2008.
108. ^ "Iran's Ahmadinajad says Israel should be moved to Europe." Accessed 29-09-2007.
109. ^ Ibid.
110. ^ Armitage, Richard. "U.S. Policy and Iran. Testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee." U.S. Department of State. Accessed 01-12-2006.
111. ^ Burns, R. Nicholas. "U.S. Policy and Iran. Johns Hopkins University Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies." U.S. Department of State. Accessed 01-12-2006.
112. ^ "State Sponsors of Terrorism." U.S. Department of State. Accessed 05-02-2007.
113. ^ "Timeline: US-Iran ties." BBC News. Accessed 29-10-2006.
114. ^ Vick, Karl. "No Proposals in Iranian's Letter to Bush, U.S. Says." The Washington Post. Accessed 29-10-2006.
115. ^ "President says his letter to President Bush was invitation to Islam." Islamic Republic News Agency. Accessed 29-10-2006.
116. ^ "No 'steel-cage, grudge match' between Bush, Ahmadinejad." CNN. Accessed 10-01-2007.
117. ^ "Ahmadinejad's letter to Americans." CNN. Accessed 26-01-2008.
118. ^ "Message of H.E. Dr. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad President of the Republic of Iran to the American People." Fox News. Accessed 29-11-2006.
119. ^ President misquoted over gays in Iran: aide | International | Reuters
120. ^ Ahmadinejad: 9/11 'suspect event'
121. ^ *"Annan: 'Dismay' over Iranian comments on Israel". CNN. Accessed 27-09-2007.
     • Fathi, Nazila. "Text of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's Speech". New York Times. Accessed 17-10-2006.
     • "Iran vote seen as referendum on Ahmadinejad". The Boston Globe. Accessed 27-12-2006.
122. ^ "Annan ‘dismayed’ by Iran remarks". BBC News (28 October 2005). Retrieved on 2006-10-29.
123. ^ "UN raps Iran's anti-Israel rant". BBC News (28 October 2005). Retrieved on 2006-10-29.
124. ^ Martin, Paul (15 November 2005). "Prime Minister Martin Speaks Before Jewish Leaders in Toronto". Carolyn Bennett. Retrieved on 2006-10-29.
125. ^ "Ahmadinejad misunderstood, says Iran". DailyTimes.com Pakistan (22 February 2006). Retrieved on 2007-09-07.
126. ^ Steele, Jonathan (14 June 2006). "Lost in translation". The Guardian. Retrieved on 2006-12-11.
127. ^ Bronner, Ethan (11 June 2006). "Just How Far Did They Go, Those Words Against Israel?". New York Times. Retrieved on 2006-06-11.
128. ^ "What Iranian Leaders Really Say About Doing Away with Israel." Joshua Teitelbaum. (Jerusalem: Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, 2008). [6]
129. ^ Nuclear Proliferation: The Islamic. Republic of Iran. G. AWDAT. B. AHGAT, Iranian Studies, volume 39, number 3, September 2006
130. ^ "Ahmadinejad compares Israel to Hitler". IndiaeNews.com (16 July 2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-11.
131. ^ "President Ahmadinejad, Palestinian PM meet in Doha". IRNA (2 December 2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-11.
132. ^ "Iran students rebel over Holocaust denial". UPI (12 December 2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-20.
133. ^ "Ahmadinejad: Special Hq to be formed for Tehran-Moscow cooperation", Islamic Republic News Agency (26 October 2005). Retrieved on 2006-04-14. 
134. ^ ^{a b} Prada, Leandro. "Ahmadinejad Visits Anti-US Allies in Latin America." CNS News. Accessed 26-01-2008.
135. ^ "Ahmadinejad hails Venezuela's vote in IAEA." Global Security. Accessed 26-01-2008
136. ^ "Venezuela's Chavez, Iran's Ahmadinejad Pledge Mutual Support." Fox News. Accessed 26-01-2008.
137. ^ "CIA - The World Factbook - Iran." CIA. Accessed 26-01-2008.
138. ^ ^{a b} Abdel-Mageed, Dina "Has the Revolution Affected Iran's Relations With Its Neighbors?" Accessed 26-01-2008.
139. ^ "Iran leader tries to pry Arabs out of US alliance." Accessed 26-01-2008
140. ^ "Saudi-Iran Meeting Yields Little Substance." Accessed 26-01-2008
141. ^ Vest, Jason "Turkey, Israel and the US." The Nation. Accessed 26-01-2006.
142. ^ "Ahmadinejad seeks to improve Iran image with Ankara visit." Turkish Daily News. Accessed 26-01-2008.
143. ^ "Israel, Turkey patch up relations." Accessed 26-01-2008.
144. ^ ^{a b} "Turkey's Botas says Iran is important gas partner." Reuters. Accessed 26-01-2008.
145. ^ "Turkey to fund $3.5 bln Iran gas deal alone." Reuters. Accessed 26-01-2008
146. ^ "Bush Urges Unity Against Iran." New York Times. Accessed 26-01-2008.
147. ^ "Ahmadi-Nejad message to Gulf states on relations with Iran." Accessed 26-01-2008.
148. ^ ^{a b} "Iran anxious to reopen embassy in Cairo." Accessed 26-01-2008.
149. ^ "Ahmadinejad visits Syria." Guardian Unlimited. Accessed 26-01-2008.
150. ^ ^{a b} "Iran, Syria Praise Hezbollah, Mock US." Associated Press. Accessed 26-01-2008.
151. ^ "Speaking with the enemy." Asia Times. Accessed 26-01-2008.
152. ^ ^{a b} "Iran-Pakistan- Afghanistan friendly ties to ensure regional security." IRNA. Accessed 26-01-2008.
153. ^ Shahid, Sohaib. "Iran-Pak-India gas pipeline: implications and prospects." Business and Finance Review. Accessed 26-01-2008
154. ^ ^{a b} "Ahmadinejad meets Azeri FM." Fars. Accessed 26-01-2008
155. ^ Whitemore, Brian. "Energy to dominate Ahmadinejad's Armenia visit." Energy Publisher. Accessed 26-01-2008.
156. ^ "Video of Ahmadinejad's Visit to Iraq." IranNegah. Accessed 26-05-2008.
157. ^ "Iran president on landmark Iraq visit" CNN. Accessed 03-02-2008.
158. ^ "Iran's president: No one likes Americans" CNN. Accessed 03-03-2008.
159. ^ "Iranian leader: Holocaust a 'myth'" CNN. Accessed 26-01-2008.
160. ^ [http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,418660,00.html "We Are Determined: Spiegel interview with Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmedinejad"] Accessed 26-01-2008.
161. ^ "President Ahmadinejad Delivers Remarks at Columbia University" The Washington Post. Accessed 26-01-2008.
162. ^ "Condemning antisemitic Statements of the President of Iran"
163. ^ "Iran hosts Holocaust conference". CNN. Accessed 27-12-2006.
164. ^ "Iran: Holocaust Conference Soon in Tehran". Adnkronos International (AKI). Accessed 27-12-2006.
165. ^ *"Across Europe, outrage over meeting of Holocaust deniers in Iran". International Herald Tribune. Accessed 11-12-2006.
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166. ^ "Berlin Counters Holocaust Conference" Spiegel Online. Accessed 27-12-2006.

1. ^ ^{a b} "Hamas sweeps to election victory" BBC News
2. ^ ^{a b} Best known for suicide bombings/attacks:
   • "Among the various organizations that emerged during the intifada were two that continue to challenge the dominance of the PLO over the Palestinian national movement: the Islamic Resistance Movement (better known by its acronym, Hamas) and its counterpart, Islamic Jihad. These organizations are best known for having injected a new lethality into the struggle between Israelis and Palestinians - the tactic of suicide bombings." (James L. Gelvin, The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 221 ISBN 0521852897)
   • "Best known for the violence it launched against Israel through suicide bombings and rocket attacks... " (Murphy, John. "Hamas aims for political might", The Baltimore Sun, January 22, 2006)
   • "Hamas is best known abroad for the scores of suicide bombings it has carried out and its commitment to the destruction of Israel." (Barzak, Ibrahim. "Israel blames Iran, Syria for bombings", ABC News, January 20, 2006, p. 2)
   • "...the militant organization, best known abroad for its attacks against Israeli civilians..." (Musharbash, Yassin. "Could Victory be Undoing of Hamas"^{[dead link]}, Der Spiegel, January 27, 2006)
   • "Although Hamas is best known for its suicide attacks..." ("Palestinian Political Organizations", PBS FRONTLINE, April 4, 2002)
   • "...it was best known in Israel and abroad for the suicide attacks it used..." ("After the Hamas earthquake", The Guardian, January 27, 2006).
   • "Hamas, an organisation best known for its suicide bombings but which also runs social services..." (Lynfield, Ben. "Shock result prompts calls to end policy of violence", The Scotsman, January 27, 2006.
   • "But the group is best known for its suicide bombing attacks." (Levitt, Matthew. Hamas: Politics, Charity, and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad, Yale University Press, 2006, ISBN 0300122586, p. 17.)
   • "Best known for its suicide attacks, Hamas has won over the Palestinian public in its first run for the legislature by focusing on domestic concerns, halting government corruption and restoring law and order to the chaotic West Bank and Gaza Strip." (""Israeli leaders brace for Hamas dominating Palestinian elections", Associated Press, January 22, 2006.)
   • "The armed faction, best known for sending suicide bombers to attack Israelis..." Verma, Sonia. ("Hamas win puts Mideast on edge", Newsday, January 27, 2006.
   • "Hamas... was formed in 1987... The group, best known for its suicide bombings inside Israel, has both political and terrorist agendas." Brookes, Peter. A devil's triangle: terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, and rogue states, Rowman & Littlefield, 2005, p. 83. ISBN 0742549534
   Infamous for suicide attacks:
   • "But his organization, Hamas, is of course dedicated to the destruction of an entire country and infamous for its suicide attacks." (Mann, Jonathan. "Reaction to Killing of Sheikh Ahmed Yassin", CNN, March 22, 2004.
   • "This dismal place was (and remains) a breeding ground for Hamas, the fundamentalist group now infamous for their suicide bombings." (Andersen, Mark. All the Power: Revolution Without Illusion, Punk Planet Books, 2004, ISBN 1888451726, p. 178)
   • "And Hamas, infamous for suicide bombings and other attacks that killed more than 250 Israelis in recent years, rejected Abbas' appeal for peace with Israel, and threatened to continue its campaign of violence." (Tiebel, Amy. "Analysis: Tough Mideast Bargaining Ahead", Associated Press, November 27, 2007.)
   Best known and infamous for suicide attacks:
   • "To the outside world, Hamas is best-known — infamous — for its reliance on suicide bombers." (Palestinian territories:Inside Hamas,PBS FRONTLINE:World, May 9, 2006)
3. ^ ^{a b} Hamas - Council on Foreign Relations
4. ^ "Palestinian election raises varying opinions within U". The Minnesota Daily. January 31, 2006
5. ^ Calls for the destruction of Israel:
   • "Underlying that theme, [Hamas leader] Zahar promised that Hamas 'will not change a single word in its covenant,' which calls for the destruction of Israel." Levitt, Matthew. Hamas: Politics, Charity, and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad, Yale University Press, 2006, ISBN 0300122586, p. 248.
   • "The Hamas charter calls for Israel to be destroyed and replaced by an Islamic state." Myre, Gred. "Israeli Official Says Hamas Has Made Abbas Irrelevant" The New York Times, February 27, 2006.
   • "Hamas, whose charter calls for Israel's destruction" Dinnick, Wilf. "High-Stakes Political Poker: Forcing Hamas' Hand", ABC News, June 6, 2006.
   • "Hamas's charter uncompromisingly seeks Israel's destruction." "Palestinian Rivals: Fatah & Hamas", BBC News, May 25, 2006.
6. ^ ^{a b} "'We shall never recognize... a Zionist state on our soil'", The Guardian (January 31, 2006). 
7. ^ Hamas offers truce, Al-Ahram Weekly, 21 - 27 October 1999, Issue No. 452
8. ^ "Anti-semetic Hate Speech in the Name of Islam", Spiegel Online International (May 16, 2008). 
9. ^ Antisemitic:
   • "As noted, the Hamas view of the Jewish people is not drawn solely from the pages of the Qur'an and hadith. Its myopia is also the product of Western anti-Semitic influences. While Hamas, like other modern-day Islamists, has developed its argument on the Jewish question by relying on Qur'anic and other Islamic sources, it also, as Nettler notes, makes it 'modern by appropriate commentary, and supplemented by felicitous borrowing from such classical Western anti-Semitic sources as The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. Such opinions are influenced by the most bizarre form of Gentile paranoid conspiracy theory." Beverley Milton-Edwards, Islamic Politics in Palestine, I.B. Tauris, 1996, ISBN 1860644759, p. 188
   • "Though most Muslims reject Islamism and its propaganda, anti-Semitic messages from satellite channels like the Hamas-run Al-Aqsa are helping to bring a message of hate and intolerance to Europe. The effects of such hate preaching can already be felt in Germany." Matthias Küntzel. "'WIPE OUT THE JEWS': Anti-Semitic Hate Speech in the Name of Islam", Der Spiegel, May 16, 2008.
   • Anti-Semitism at Core of Hamas Charter, Anti-Defamation League, February 27, 2006. Accessed April 17, 2007.
   • "Hamas, which is deeply engaged in teaching anti-Semitic, and anti-Christian hate in schools," Puder, Joseph. Levitt Can't Strike Hopeful Note About Hamas, The Bulletin, March 27, 2007.
   • "Hamas refuses to recognize Israel, claims the whole of Palestine as an Islamic endowment, has issued virulently antisemitic leaflets,..." Laurence F. Bove, Laura Duhan Kaplan, From the Eye of the Storm: Regional Conflicts and the Philosophy of Peace, Rodopi Press, 1995, ISBN 9051838700, p. 217.
   • "But of all the anti-Jewish screeds, it is the Protocols of the Elders of Zion that emboldens and empowers antisemites. While other antisemitic works may have a sharper intellectual base, it is the conspiratorial imagery of the Protocols that has fuled the imagination and hatred of Jews and Judaism, from the captains of industry like Henry Ford, to teenage Hamas homicide bombers." Mark Weitzman, Steven Leonard Jacobs, Dismantling the Big Lie: the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, KTAV Publishing House, 2003, ISBN 0881257850, p. xi.
   • "There is certainly very clear evidence of antisemitism in the writings and manifestos of organizations like Hamas and Hizbullah..." Human Rights Implications of the Resurgence of Racism and Anti-Semitism, United States Congress, House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Subcommittee on International Security, International Organizations and Human Rights - 1993, p. 122.
   • "In calling for holy war against Israel, the covenant of Hamas, drawn up in 1998, also employs the language of the Protocols." Frederick M. Schweitzer, Marvin Perry, Anti-Semitism: myth and hate from antiquity to the present, Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, ISBN 0312165617, p. 116.
   • "The demonization of the Jews/Zionists by the Hamas organization is also heavily shaped by European Christian anti-Semitism. This prejudice began to infiltrate the Arab world, most notably in the circulation of the 1926 Arabic translation of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion... Reliance upon the document is evidenced in the group's charter... The Protocols of the Elders of Zion also informs Hamas's belief that Israel has hegemonic aspirations that extend beyond Palestinian land. As described in the charter, the counterfeit document identifies the Zionists' wish to expand their reign from the Nile River to the Euphrates." Michael P. Arena, Bruce A. Arrigo, The Terrorist Identity: Explaining the Terrorist Threat, NYU Press, 2006, ISBN 0814707165, pp. 133-134.
   • "Standard anti-Semitic themes have become commonplace in the propaganda of Arab Islamic movements like Hizballah and Hamas..." Bernard Lewis, Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry Into Conflict and Prejudice, W. W. Norton & Company, 1999, ISBN 0393318397, p. 266.
   • "From the beginning, Hamas espoused the antisemitism of the Muslim Brotherhood's leading thinkers, Hasah al-Banna and Sayyid Qutb. This fact is clear from its own ideological credo formulated as the Islamic covenant in 1988, which not only calls for Islam to eliminate Israel but also states "our struggle against the Jews is extremely wide-ranging and grave." It cites the Hadith... in noting that at the end of time, Muslims will fight the Jews and kill them. The covenant and other Hamas publications draw on the libels of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, accusing Jews of a universal conspiracy for world domination... Some of the antisemitic canards are backed in the covenant by koranic proof texts." Levy, Richard S. Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, ABL_CLIO, 2005, p. 289.ISBN 1851094393
   • "Hamas, like most Islamist groups, is fundamentally anti-Semitic (in the commonly understood sense of the word). This is seen in at least two ways. First, the Hamas discourse refers primarily to "Jewish" (al-yahud), less so "Zionists" (al-sahyunuyiun), and almost never to "Israelies" (al-isriliyun)... However, Hamas is properly termed anti-Semitic for propogating the slander of Jewish control of the world, particularly the world's financial health." Glenn E. Robinson, "Hamas as Social Movement", in Quintan Wiktorowicz, Mark Tessler. Islamic Activism: A Social Movement Theory Approach, Indiana University Press, 2004, p. 131. ISBN 0253216214
   • "In addition, classically anti-Semitic texts coming from pre-Holocaust Christian Europe, such as the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, also inform the ideals and philosophy of HAMAS members and their views of Jews and Judaism." Thomas M. Leonard, Encyclopedia of the Developing World, Routledge, 2005, p. 742. ISBN 1579583881
   • "Hamas hardened the conventional tone among Arab nationalists toward the Jews, adopting anti-Semitic charges based on The Protocols of the Elders of Zion concerning a Jewish conspiracy for world domination." Shaul Mishal, Avraham Sela. The Palestinian Hamas: Vision, Violence, and Coexistence, Columbia University Press, 2000, p. 45. ISBN 0231116756
   • "Hamas.... was founded in 1987 as an overtly antisemitic organization." David Matas, Aftershock: Anti-Zionism and Anti-Semitism, Dundurn Press, 2005, p. 227. ISBN 1550025538
10. ^ ^{a b} "Who are Hamas?", BBC News (January 26, 2006). 
11. ^ "The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas)", MidEast Web, August 18, 1988; "The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement", The Avalon Project at Yale Law School, retrieved April 22, 2006.
12. ^ Kristen Ess. "Why Hamas Won" ZNet. Palestine, January 31, 2006.
13. ^ "Who are Hamas?", BBC News (January 26, 2006). 
14. ^ "The Gangs of Gaza", Newsweek, June 26, 2006.
15. ^ "...they find themselves on the brink of civil war in a power struggle between the governing Hamas movement and President Mahmoud Abbas's Fatah group. In two days of fighting between the two rival and well-armed factions, 12 Palestinians have been killed and more than 100 wounded, and there are few signs the months-long political dispute at the centre of the violence is about to die down." al-Mughrabi, Nidal and Assadi, Mohammed. Palestinian in-fighting provokes despair, frustration, Reuters, October 3, 2006.
16. ^ David Rose, The Gaza Bombshell, Vanity Fair, April 2008
17. ^ Carter: Stop favoring Fatah over Hamas The Jerusalem Post June 19, 2007
18. ^ Exposing the bitter truth of Gaza carnage The Age June 23, 2007
19. ^ CNN - Abbas outlaws Hamas militia forces
20. ^ ^{a b} Keeping Canadians Safe, Public Security and Emergency Preparedness Canada, National Security, Listed entities. Accessed July 31, 2006.
21. ^ ^{a b c} "Council Decision" Council of the European Union, December 21, 2005
22. ^ EU declares Hamas terrorist organization Deseret News (Salt Lake City), Sep 7, 2003 by Frank Bruni New York Times News Service
23. ^ Hamas: Government or Terrorist Organization? by Adam Davidson
24. ^ EU blacklists Hamas political wing
25. ^ The Financial Sources of the Hamas Terror Organization (Israel MFA)
26. ^ Japan's Diplomatic Bluebook 2005 states that it has frozen the assets of "terrorist organizations, including... Hamas."
27. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Country reports on terrorism 2005", United States Department of State. Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism. US Dept. of State Publication 11324. Released April 2006
28. ^ ^{a b} Karmi, Omar. "What does the Hamas victory mean for nearby Jordan?", The Daily Star, February 18, 2006
29. ^ ^{a b} Listing of Terrorist Organisations, Australian Government Attorney-General's Department, 27 January 2006. Accessed July 31, 2006.
30. ^ ^{a b} " United Kingdom Home Security Office. Terrorism Act 2000. Proscribed terrorist groups
31. ^ DON VAN NATTA JR. (June 27, 2003). "THE MIDEAST TURMOIL: WASHINGTON'S VIEW; Rice Urges European Union to Classify Hamas as Terrorist", New York Times. 
32. ^ حماسHamās enthusiasm, rapture; zeal; elan, fighting spirit. Wehr, Hans. Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic.
33. ^ Kushner, Harvey W. (2002). Encyclopedia of Terrorism, p.160 Sage Publications, ISBN 0-7619-2408-6
34. ^ (French) "Le Quartet cherche une solution à la banqueroute palestinienne", Le Monde (May 9, 2006). Retrieved on 2008-07-04. 
35. ^ "Deadly Hebron cell caught", Y Net News (6 February 2006). 
36. ^ "Shin Bet cracks Hamas terror cell", The Jerusalem Post (6 February 2006). 
37. ^ Carter: Stop favoring Fatah over Hamas, The Jerusalem Post, 19 June 2007
38. ^ The CEC announces the final results of the second PLC elections
39. ^ ^{a b} "Hamas drops call for destruction of Israel from manifesto", The Guardian (January 12, 2006). 
40. ^ ^{a b} "Hamas: Ceasefire for return to 1967 border", Y Net News (January 30, 2006). 
41. ^ ^{a b} Peace with Israel for withdrawal to ’67 borders, ynetnews March 3, 2006
42. ^ Hamas delegation arrives in Moscow, ynetnews March 3, 2006
43. ^ ^{a b} "Hamas will end armed struggle if Israel quits territories — leader", AFX News Limited (12 February 2006). 
44. ^ Abu Toameh, Khaled. Hamas armed force readies for action, The Jerusalem Post, May 6, 2006.
45. ^ Le Monde Diplomatique, July 2007, http://mondediplo.com/2007/07/05palestine
46. ^ Mahnaimi, Uzi. Israel foils plot to kill Palestinian president, The Sunday Times, 7 May 2006
47. ^ Saud Abu Ramadan and David Rosenberg. Palestinians Reach Accord on Forging Unity Government". Bloomberg, 9 February 2007.
48. ^ "Death on the Beach: Seven Palestinians killed as Israeli shells hit family picnic", The Guardian (2006-06-10). 
49. ^ "Palestinian Child Buries Slain Family", IslamOnline.net (2006-06-11). 
50. ^ Militants Fire Rockets Into South Israel
51. ^ "ISRAELIS, PALESTINIANS URGED TO 'STEP BACK FROM THE BRINK', AVERT FULL-SCALE CONFLICT, AS SECURITY COUNCIL DEBATES EVENTS IN GAZA", UN (2006-06-30). 
52. ^ What Happens After Hamas Wins? Time
53. ^ "Fatah and Hamas agree on Yemeni plan to resume talks (Roundup)", m&c (2008-03-23). 
54. ^ Israel agrees to Gaza ceasefire BBC News
55. ^ Ha'aretz 30 July 2008, Abbas vows to dismantle PA if Israel frees Hamas prisoners for Shalit by Uri Blau
56. ^ Khalid Amayreh. "'Cartoons reflect Europe's Islamophobia'". Interview with Aziz Duwaik. Al Jazeera English. February 6, 2006.
57. ^ "Hamas Leader Mahmoud Al-Zahhar: We Will Not Give Up the Resistance; We Will Not Give Up a Single Inch of Palestine; We Will Not Recognize Israel's Right to Exist", The Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI) (January 25, 2006). Archived from the original on 2006-10-02. 
58. ^ Khaled Abu Toameh (April 2, 2006). "'I dream of a map without Israel'". Jerusalem Post.
59. ^ "The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas)". MidEast Web (18 August 1988).
60. ^ Arnon Regular. "The Palestinian media dream a possible dream". Haaretz. Retrieved on 2008-07-04.
61. ^ "Arab Statesmanship's Fatal Flaw: Backward Political Decision-Making" The Middle East Media Research Institute. 5 June 2003.
62. ^ "New-look Hamas spends £100k on an image makeover", The Guardian (20 January 2006). 
63. ^ "Hamas: The Fundamentalist Challenge to the PLO" (April 1992).
64. ^ Madelene Axelsson (January 27, 2006). "Islamistisk politik vinner mark". Stockholms Fria Tidning. (Swedish)
65. ^ The Avalon Project : Hamas Covenant 1988
66. ^ "Hamas offers deal if Israel pulls out", The Telegraph (2006-02-09). 
67. ^ ^{a b} YouTube - Talk to Jazeera - Khaled Meshaal - 05 Mar 08 - Pt. 1
68. ^ "Who are Hamas?" BBC News, 27 January 2007
69. ^ Ali Abunimah, author of "One Country: A Bold Proposal to End the Israeli-Palestinian Impasse," states: "It had observed the unilateral truce with Israel. It had given up suicide attacks against Israeli civilians. And there was no response to that. On the contrary." "As Hamas Seizes Full Control of Gaza and US Prepares Further Isolation, What Next for Palestinians?" Democracy Now!. 15 June 2007
70. ^ "Hope for a Mideast resolution could grow with Hamas leadership" Christian Science Monitor. January 31, 2006.
71. ^ Hamas threatens to break ceasefire after Israeli air strikes The Daily Telegraph, 17 October 2006
72. ^ ^{a b} In Gaza, Hamas's Insults to Jews Complicate Peace - New York Times
73. ^ Carter Says Hamas and Syria Are Open For Peace New York Times, 22 April 2008
74. ^ Hamas Offers Israel 10-Year Truce MSNBC
75. ^ "Israel-Hamas truce announced", Al Jazeera English (2008-06-17). Retrieved on 2008-06-17. 
76. ^ "If indeed there is a cessation of terrorist attacks, if indeed there is an end to the military build-up in Gaza, if indeed there is movement on the issue of Gilad Shalit, this indeed will be a new reality." - Israeli government spokesman Mark Regev said to AFP
77. ^ "Israel and Hamas reach Gaza truce deal", AFP (2008-06-17). Retrieved on 2008-06-17. 
78. ^ Quotations from Hamas memorandum "This is what we struggle for," reprinted in Tamimi, Azzam, Hamas, A History from Within, Olive Branch Press, 2007, pp. 265-270.
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80. ^ "Is It really So Surprising? — Hamas Victory In Palestine" (8 January 2006). 
81. ^ Peter Hilsenrath "HEALTH POLICY AS COUNTER-TERRORISM: HEALTH SERVICES AND THE PALESTINIANS". 
82. ^ "Why Rising Popularity Poses a Dilemma for Hamas", Time (January 23, 2006). 
83. ^ "The Palestinian Authority held a democratic election and Israel and the rest of the world must accept that Hamas was the victor", Jewish Virtual Library (No date). 
84. ^ Combating Terrorist Financing, "Jerusalem Centre For Public affairs", 14 August 2003
85. ^ A Hamas Headquarters in Saudi Arabia?, The Washington Institute, September 28, 2005
86. ^ Matthew A. Levitt (Winter 2004). "Hamas from cradle to grave", The Middle East Quarterly. 
87. ^ "Hamas history tied to Israel", United Press International, 18 June 2002
88. ^ Gérard Chaliand: « En Irak, l'insurrection armée montre sa terrible efficacité face à la meilleure armée du monde », April 2006 interview with Gérard Chaliand, renowned specialist of guerrillas movements and international politics (French)
89. ^ (English)/(French)"Hamas is a creation of Mossad (English translation)", L'Humanité (Summer 2002). Retrieved on 2008-07-04. ; French original version: "Hamas, le produit du Mossad", L'Humanité (December 14, 2001). Retrieved on 2006-05-03. 
90. ^ Les très secrètes 'relations' Israël-Hamas (The very secret Israel-Hamas 'relations'), Le Canard Enchaîné, February 1, 2006 (issue n°4449) (French)
91. ^ PO-837: Secretary O'Neill - Statement on the Blocking of Hamas Financiers' Assets
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93. ^ "Anti-Semitic Hate Speech in the Name of Islam", Spiegel Online International (May 16, 2008). 
94. ^ Hamas Covenant 1988
95. ^ ""Based on Koranic Verses, Interpretations, and Traditions, Muslim Clerics State: The Jews Are the Descendants of Apes, Pigs, And Other Animals"". MEMRI. Retrieved on 2002-11-01.
96. ^ http://www.memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=countries&Area=palestinian&ID=SP190508 accessed 3rd July 2008
97. ^ ^{a b} ""Hamas ratchets up its rhetoric against Jews"". Herald Tribune. Retrieved on 2001-11-21.
98. ^ ^{a b} ""In Gaza, Hamas's Insults to Jews Complicate Peace "". New-York Times. Retrieved on 2008-04-01.
99. ^ ""Hamas Leader Rantisi: The False Holocaust - The Greatest of Lies Funded by the Zionists"". MEMRI. Retrieved on 2003-08-27.
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102. ^ http://www.al-fateh.net/
103. ^ "Online Terrorists Prey on the Vulnerable"
104. ^ "Hamas website: Kids, die for Allah"
105. ^ "On CAMERA Column: Ignoring Hamas Hate-Indoctrination"
106. ^ Hamas TV station shut down, news24.com, January 22, 2006.
107. ^ Al Aqsa TV defies Hamas government, Reuters, May 13, 2007.
108. ^ Hamas' Determination to Perpetuate the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The Critical Role of Hate Indoctrination The Critical Role of Hate Indoctrination
109. ^ Levinson, Charles (2007-08-26). "Hamas honeymoon ends with torture". The Telegraph. Retrieved on 2008-05-17.
110. ^ Hamas forces try to arrest prominent Gaza journalist - International Herald Tribune
111. ^ http://www.wafa.ps/english/body.asp?id=10292
112. ^ Hamas disbands journalists union amid continuing incidents, Reporters without borders, 6 September 2007
113. ^ Hamas blocks Fatah protests in Gaza, ynetnews, 7 September 2007
114. ^ "Hamas widens crackdown on journalists in Gaza". B92 (November 15, 2007). Retrieved on 2008-07-04. "Gaza's Interior Ministry announced that journalists who do not hold official Hamas-issued press cards would not be allowed to work in Gaza."
115. ^ On-the-spot: 'I was arrested by Hamas' - Times Online
116. ^ Maan News Agency
117. ^ Hamas orders closure of newspaper over caricature - International Herald Tribune
118. ^ Maan News Agency
119. ^ Ali, Fadhil (2008-09-24), "Hamas Arrests Pro-al-Qaeda Leader of Jaysh al-Umma in Gaza", Terrorism Focus (Washington, D.C.: Jamestown Foundation) 5(34), <http://jamestown.org/terrorism/news/article.php?articleid=2374438>. Retrieved on 25 September 2008 
120. ^ "Hamas security forces exerted massive military power to confront the Dugmush clan and operatives of the Army of Islam, a network affiliated with Al-Qaeda. It was another Hamas step to suppress opposition and tighten its control over the Gaza Strip.". Intelligence & Terrorism Information Center (2008-09-21). Retrieved on 2008-09-25.
121. ^ http://nefafoundation.org/miscellaneous/FeaturedDocs/AbuObaida_QA.pdf
122. ^ http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1206632372365&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull>
123. ^ "Arnon Regular". Ha'reetz (May 25, 2003).
124. ^ Hamas attacks (1988–2002) The Institute for Counter-Terrorism
125. ^ "Victory leaves Hamas with a dilemma (Opinion)", The Telegraph (January 27, 2006). 
126. ^ "[http://web.archttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamas&action=edit&section=19 Editing Hamas (section) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediahive.org/web/20070625114605/http://www1.idf.il/DOVER/site/mainpage.asp?sl=EN&id=7&docid=30286.EN IDF]". Archived from the original on 2007-06-25.
127. ^ http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Terror+Groups/Missile%20fire%20from%20Gaza%20on%20Israeli%20civilian%20targets%20Aug%202007
128. ^ ^{a b} Erased In A Moment: Suicide Bombing Attacks Against Israeli Civilians V. Structures and Strategies of the Perpetrator Organizations, Human Rights Watch, October, 2002. ISBN 1-56432-280-7
129. ^ "Top Hamas fugitive nabbed". ynetnews.com (May 23, 2006).
130. ^ Abbas: Hamas truce violations are an exception, won't continue - Haaretz - Israel News
131. ^ BICOM Fact Sheet 2: Ashkelon - The Changing Scenario BICOM. 2008-05-03.
132. ^ ^{a b} "Report: Hamas weighing large-scale conflict with Israel", Ynet News (October 3, 2006). 
133. ^ "Hamas and Palestinian Nationalism" (October 3, 2006).
134. ^ United States v. Abu Marzook. No. 03 CR 978 12. IL District Ct. 2005.
135. ^ Lake, Eli. "Hamas Agents Lurking in U.S., FBI Warns." New York Sun. 29 April 2004. 10 December 2006.
136. ^ "Hamas threatens attacks on US", Yedioth Ahronoth (24 December 2006). 
137. ^ FBI Press Room: Testimony of Robert S. Mueller, III, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, before the Senate Committee on Intelligence of the United States Senate. February 16, 2005
138. ^ "Hamas to Muslims: Attack US targets", The Jerusalem Post (November 8, 2006). 
139. ^ "Israeli Shells Kill 18; Hamas Calls for Retaliation", The New York Times (November 8, 2006). 
140. ^ Fatah, Hamas gunbattles kill 7 (Toronto Star) October 1, 2006
141. ^ Hamas Seizes Palestinian Red Crescent Aid Convoy RTTNews 2/7/2008
142. ^ Human rights group accused Palestinian militants of "war crimes&quot
143. ^ Hamas Wins Key Battles in Gaza Strip - Inside Israel - CBN News
144. ^ New mood in Gaza? - Israel Opinion, Ynetnews
145. ^ BBC NEWS | Middle East | Unrest erupts in Gaza Strip
146. ^ Palestinians hunt collaborators in wake of Rantisi assassination | From Occupied Palestine
147. ^ Gaza Coup: Islamization is coming
148. ^ [1]^{[dead link]}
149. ^ Shot by their own side, healed by the enemy - Telegraph
150. ^ Angered by preacher's death, protesters stand against Abbas - CNN.com
151. ^ "Hamas: Government or Terrorist Organization?". NPR.org. December 6, 2006.
152. ^ "Hamas is listed as a terrorist group in the Criminal Code of Canada." Tibbetts, Janice. Canada shuts out Hamas ,The Montreal Gazette, March 30, 2006.
153. ^ The Financial Sources of the Hamas Terror Organization, 2003-07-30
154. ^ Yossi Verter (2008-02-27). "Poll: Most Israelis back direct talks with Hamas on Shalit", Haaretz. Retrieved on 2008-02-27. 
155. ^ "Japan's Diplomatic Bluebook 2005" (PDF) (2005). Retrieved on 2008-01-26. "Japan has implemented UN Security Council resolutions concerning anti-terrorist sanctions. In accordance with the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Law, it has frozen the assets of a total of 472 terrorists and terrorist organizations, including Al-Qaeda and Taliban members, such as Usama bin Laden and Mullah Mohammed Omar, as well as those of Hamas, ..."
156. ^ "Norway turns down US request over Hamas representatives' visit", Peoples Daily China (2006-04-25). Retrieved on 2008-07-19. 
157. ^ Pew Research Center Global Attitues Survey: Global Unease With Major World Powers, June 27, 2007
158. ^ $116m awarded in terrorism suit The Boston Globe
159. ^ Two Men Acquitted of Conspiracy To Fund Hamas Activities in Israel - washingtonpost.com

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1. ^ ^{a b} "The Palestine Exploration Fund". The Palestine Exploration Fund. Retrieved on 2008-04-04.
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17. ^ The Southern and Eastern Borders of Abar-Nahara Steven S. Tuell Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 284 (Nov., 1991), pp. 51-57
18. ^ Herodotus' Description of the East Mediterranean Coast Anson F. Rainey Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 321 (Feb., 2001), pp. 57-63
19. ^ Herodotus, The Histories Bk.7.89
20. ^ Pliny the Elder, Natural History V.66 and 68.
21. ^ e.g. Antiquities 1.136.
22. ^ Palestine and Israel David M. Jacobson Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 313 (Feb., 1999), pp. 65-74
23. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Lehmann, Clayton Miles (May-September 1998). "Palestine: History: 135–337: Syria Palaestina and the Tetrarchy". The On-line Encyclopedia of the Roman Provinces. University of South Dakota. Retrieved on 2006-07-19.
24. ^ Palestine and Israel Jacobson, David M. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 313 (February 1999), pp. 65-74
25. ^ Thomas L. Thompson (1999). The Mythic Past:How Writers Create the Past. Basic Books. ISBN 0465006493. 
26. ^ Israel Finkelstein and Neil Ascher Silberman (2000). "The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology’s New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts". Bible and Interpretation. Retrieved on 2007-05-14.
27. ^ ^{a b c} Shahin (2005), p. 3
28. ^ Galilee, Sea of. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved August 12, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online
29. ^ "Human Evolution and Neanderthal Man". Antiquity Journal.
30. ^ Amud. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved August 12, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online
31. ^ Belfer-Cohen and Bar-Yosef, 2000, pp. 19–38.
32. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Shahin (2005), page 4
33. ^ Stearns, 2001, p. 13.
34. ^ Harris, 1996, p. 253.
35. ^ Rosen, 1997, pp. 159–161.
36. ^ Neil Asher Silberman, Thomas E. Levy, Bonnie L. Wisthoff, Ron E. Tappy, John L. Meloy "Near East" The Oxford Companion to Archaeology. Brian M. Fagan, ed., Oxford University Press 1996.
37. ^ Canaan. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved August 12, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
38. ^ Mills, 1990, p. 439.
39. ^ "Palestine: Middle Bronze Age". Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
40. ^ Ember & Peregrine, 2002, p. 103.
41. ^ William H. Propp "Amarna Letters" The Oxford Companion to the Bible. Bruce M. Metzger and Michael D. Coogan, eds. Oxford University Press Inc. 1993. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
42. ^ Carl S. Ehrlich "Philistines" The Oxford Guide to People and Places of the Bible. Ed. Bruce M. Metzger and Michael D. Coogan. Oxford University Press, 2001. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
43. ^ Philistine. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved August 12, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online
44. ^ ^{a b} Gyémánt, Ladislau (2003). "Historiographic Views on the Settlement of the Jewish Tribes in Canaan" 1/2003: 26–30. Sacra Scripta. 
45. ^ ^{a b c d e} Niels Peter Lemche. "On the Problems of Reconstructing Pre-Hellenistic Israelite (Palestinian) History". Journal of Hebrew Scriptures. Retrieved on 2007-05-10.
46. ^ A magazine story of the site's discovery is available here: Eilat Mazar: Uncovering King David's Palace
47. ^ Erlanger, Steven (2005-08-05). "King David's Palace Is Found, Archaeologist Says", The New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-05-24. 
48. ^ A San Diego Union Tribune article on the discovery: [2]
49. ^ Matthew Sturgis, It ain't necessarily so, ISBN 0-7472-4510-X
50. ^ Carol A. Redmount, 'Bitter Lives: Israel in and out of Egypt' in The Oxford History of the Biblical Word, ed: Michael D. Coogan, (Oxford University Press: 1999)
51. ^ Stager, Lawrence E., "Forging an Identity: The Emergence of Ancient Israel" in Michael Coogan ed. The Oxford History of the Biblical World, Oxford University Press, 2001. p.92
52. ^ M. G. Hasel, "Israel in the Merneptah Stela", BASOR 296, 1994, pp.54 & 56, n.12.
53. ^ Baruch Margalit, "Studies in NWSemitic Inscriptions", Ugarit-Forschungen 26, p. 275
54. ^ Time (magazine), December 18, 1995.
55. ^ For a full but technical discussion, see Lawrence J. Mykytiuk, _Identifying Biblical Persons in Northwest Semitic Inscriptions of 1200–539 BCE_, Academia Biblica series, no. 12 (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2004), pp. 265–277.
56. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Facts about Israel:History". Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affaits. Retrieved on 2007-05-10.
57. ^ Bienkowski, op.cit.
58. ^ "Babylon" A Dictionary of the Bible. W. R. F. Browning. Oxford University Press, 1997. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
59. ^ Diana Edelman (November 2005). "Redating the Building of the Second Temple".
60. ^ ^{a b c d e} Palestine. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved August 12, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
61. ^ "Avdat: A Nabatean City in the Negev". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
62. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Shahin (2005), p. 7
63. ^ "Hellenistic Greece:Alexander the Great". Washington State University (1996). Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
64. ^ Pastor, 1997, p. 41.
65. ^ "Palestine". Britannica. Retrieved on 2007-08-14.
66. ^ Julie Galambush (2006). "The Reluctant Parting: How the New Testament's Jewish Writers Created a Christian Book". HarperCollins.ca. Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
67. ^ Dick Doughty (September-October 1994). "Gaza:Contested Crossroads". SaudiAramcoWorld. Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
68. ^ "Tell Balatah (Shechem or Ancient Nablus)". World Monuments Watch:100 Most Endangered Sites 2006. Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
69. ^ Hayes & Mandell, 1998, p. 41.
70. ^ ^{a b c} Johnston, 2004, p. 186.
71. ^ Chancey, 2005, p. 44.
72. ^ "Herod". Concise Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
73. ^ "Introducing Young People to the Protection of Heritage Sites and Historic Cities". UNESCO (2003). Retrieved on 2007-08-14.
74. ^ "HERODIUM (Jebel Fureidis) Jordan/Israel". The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
75. ^ "publisher=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites". Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
76. ^ ^{a b} "Judaea-Palestine". UNRV History: Roman Empire. Retrieved on 2007-08-14.
77. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Shahin (2005), page 8
78. ^ Shaye I.D. Cohen. "Legitimization Under Constantine". PBS. Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
79. ^ Thomas A. Idniopulos (1998). "Weathered by Miracles: A History of Palestine From Bonaparte and Muhammad Ali to Ben-Gurion and the Mufti". Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
80. ^ "Roman Arabia". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
81. ^ ^{a b c} Kenneth G. Holum "Palestine" The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Ed. Alexander P. Kazhdan. Oxford University Press 1991.
82. ^ ^{a b c d} Shahin (2005), page 10
83. ^ CALIPH UMAR'S ADDRESS AFTER JERUSALEM
84. ^ The Fight for Jerusalem: Radical Islam, the West, and the Future of the Holy City By Dore Gold, pg. 97
85. ^ Walid Khalidi (1984). Before Their Diaspora. Institute for Palestine Studies, Washington DC, 27 - 28. 
86. ^ Haim Gerber (Fall 2003). ""Zionism, Orientalism, and the Palestinians"". Journal of Palestine Studies Vol. 33, No. 1: 23–41. Journal of Palestine Studies. doi:10.1525/jps.2003.33.1.23. 
87. ^ ^{a b} James Parkes. "Palestine Under the Caliphs". MidEastWeb. Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
88. ^ Rizwi Faizer (1998). "The Shape of the Holy: Early Islamic Jerusalem". Rizwi's Bibliography for Medieval Islam. Retrieved on 2007-07-14.
89. ^ Ahl al-Kitab. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved August 12, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online
90. ^ Ghada Hashem Talhami (February 2000). "The Modern History of Islamic Jerusalem: Academic Myths and Propaganda" Volume VII, No. 2. Middle East Policy Council. Retrieved on 2007-08-20. 
91. ^ Yaacov Lev (2007). "The Ethics and Practice of Islamic Medieval Charity" 5, Issue 2: 603–618. History Compass. 
92. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} Shahin (2005), p. 11
93. ^ M. Cherif Bassiouni (2004). "Islamic Civilization: An Overview". Middle East Institute: The George Camp Keiser Library. Retrieved on 2007-08-14.
94. ^ "Egypt: The Fatimid Period 969 - 1771". Arab Net (2002). Retrieved on 2007-08-14.
95. ^ David Nicolle (July 2005). Crusader Castles in the Holy Land 1192-1302. Osprey. ISBN 9781841768274. 
96. ^ "Projects:The Old City of Akko (Acre)". Israeli Antiquities Authority. Retrieved on 2007-08-14.
97. ^ Frank Heynick, Jews and medicine, An Epic Saga, KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 2002 p.103, commenting on Maimonidies' decision not to settle there a century later.
98. ^ ^{a b c} Kenneth Setton, ed. A History of the Crusades, vol. I. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1958
99. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Shahin (2005), page 12.
100. ^ ^{a b} Walid Khalidi (1984). Before Their Diaspora. Institute for Palestine Studies, Washington DC, 28 - 29. 
101. ^ "[http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/ihame/Sec11.htm Islam and Islamic History in Arabia and The Middle East: The Mongols and the Mamluks]". Islamicity. Retrieved on 2007-08-14.
102. ^ Chase, 2003, pp. 104-105.
103. ^ ^{a b} Gideon Biger, The Boundaries of Modern Palestine, 1840-1947, pp. 13-15. Routledge, 2004. ISBN 0714656542
104. ^ Gerber, 1998.
105. ^ Mandel, 1976, p. xx.
106. ^ Judith Mendelsohn Rood, Sacred Law in the Holy City, p. 46. Brill Publishers, 2004.
107. ^ Bernard Lewis, "Palestine: On the History and Geography of a Name", International History Review 11 (1980): 1-12
108. ^ Porath, 1974, pp. 8-9.
109. ^ Haim Gerber (1998) referring to fatwas by two Hanafite Syrian jurists.
110. ^ [Biger]
111. ^ Hughes, 1999, p. 17; p. 97.
112. ^ 'Zionist Aspirations: Dr Weizmann on the Future of Palestine', The Times, Saturday, 8 May, 1920; p. 15.
113. ^ Gelber, 1997, pp. 6-15.
114. ^ Sicker, 1999, p. 164.
115. ^ CAABU :: The Council for Arab-British Understanding
116. ^ No. 565. — EXCHANGE OF NOTES * CONSTITUTING AN AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE BRITISH AND FRENCH GOVERNMENTS RESPECTING THE BOUNDARY LINE BETWEEN SYRIA AND PALESTINE FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN TO EL HAMMÉ, PARIS MARCH 7, 1923, Page 7 Border Treaty
117. ^ Louis, 1969, p. 90.
118. ^ Project Gutenberg: The Peace Negotiations by Robert Lansing, Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. 1921, Chapter XIII 'THE SYSTEM OF MANDATES'

     If the advocates of the system intended to avoid through its operation the appearance of taking enemy territory as the spoils of war, it was a subterfuge which deceived no one. It seemed obvious from the very first that the Powers, which under the old practice would have obtained sovereignty over certain conquered territories, would not be denied mandates over those territories. The League of Nations might reserve in the mandate a right of supervision of administration and even of revocation of authority, but that right would be nominal and of little, if any, real value provided the mandatory was one of the Great Powers as it undoubtedly would be. The almost irresistible conclusion is that the protagonists of the theory saw in it a means of clothing the League of Nations with an apparent usefulness which justified the League by making it the guardian of uncivilized and semi-civilized peoples and the international agent to watch over and prevent any deviation from the principle of equality in the commercial and industrial development of the mandated territories.

     It may appear surprising that the Great Powers so readily gave their support to the new method of obtaining an apparently limited control over the conquered territories, and did not seek to obtain complete sovereignty over them. It is not necessary to look far for a sufficient and very practical reason. If the colonial possessions of Germany had, under the old practice, been divided among the victorious Powers and been ceded to them directly in full sovereignty, Germany might justly have asked that the value of such territorial cessions be applied on any war indemnities to which the Powers were entitled. On the other hand, the League of Nations in the distribution of mandates would presumably do so in the interests of the inhabitants of the colonies and the mandates would be accepted by the Powers as a duty and not to obtain new possessions. Thus under the mandatory system Germany lost her territorial assets, which might have greatly reduced her financial debt to the Allies, while the latter obtained the German colonial possessions without the loss of any of their claims for indemnity. In actual operation the apparent altruism of the mandatory system worked in favor of the selfish and material interests of the Powers which accepted the mandates. And the same may be said of the dismemberment of Turkey. It should not be a matter of surprise, therefore, that the President found little opposition to the adoption of his theory, or, to be more accurate, of the Smuts theory, on the part of the European statesmen.

119. ^ Henry Cabot Lodge: Reservations with Regard to the Treaty and the League of Nations
120. ^ Classic Senate Speeches and the Denunciation of the Mandate System, starting on page 7, col. 1
121. ^ Palestine Mandate Convention between the United States of America and Great Britain, Signed at London, December 3, 1924, starting on page 212 of FRUS, 1924, Volume II.
122. ^ see for example the negtiations under DELAY IN EXCHANGE OF RATIFICATIONS OF THE PALESTINE MANDATE CONVENTION PENDING ADJUSTMENT OF CASES INVOLVING THE CAPITULATORY RIGHTS OF AMERICANS, 1925
123. ^ Excerpts from League of Nations Official Journal dated June 1922, pp. 546-549
124. ^ Ingrams, 1972
125. ^ "Mandate for Palestine - Interim report of the Mandatory to the LoN/Balfour Declaration text". League of Nations (1921-07-30). Retrieved on 2007-03-08.
126. ^ Henry Laurens, La Question de Palestine, Fayard, Paris 2002 vol.2 p.101
127. ^ Colonel Archer-Cust, Chief Secretary of the British Government in Palestine, said in a lecture to the Royal Empire Society that "The hanging of the two British Sergeants [an Irgun retaliation to British executions] did more than anything to get us out [of Palestine]". (The United Empire Journal, November-December 1949, taken from The Revolt, by Menachem Begin)
128. ^ United States Proposal for Temporary United Nations Trusteeship for Palestine, Statement by President Truman, March 25, 1948
129. ^ Population data calculated from three pages of the online CIA World Factbook [3] [4] [5]
130. ^ Statistics, accessed 21 May, 2007.
131. ^ Magen Broshi, The Population of Western Palestine in the Roman-Byzantine Period, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 236, p.7, 1979.
132. ^ Yigal Shiloh, The Population of Iron Age Palestine in the Light of a Sample Analysis of Urban Plans, Areas, and Population Density, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 239, p.33, 1980.
133. ^ Katz, p.113-115 (Hebrew)
134. ^ Tomas Shaw, Travels and Observations Relating to Several Parts of Barbary and the Levant (London, 1767), p. 331ff.; Constantine Francois Volney, Travels Through Syria and Egypt in the Years 1783, 1784 and 1785 (London, 1787); Alexander Keith, The Land of Israel (Edinburgh, 1944), P. 465.
135. ^ Conder, C. R. (1900). "Palestine". A Dictionary of the Bible III. Ed. James Hastings. pages 646-647. 
136. ^ Les Juifs dans l'empire romain (1914), 1, 209f.
137. ^ Referred to by W C Lowdermilk, Palestine, Land of Promise,(1944), p. 47.
138. ^ From Jesus to Paul (1944), 33.
139. ^ Herod the Great (1971), 165.
140. ^ A Social and Religious History of the Jews, 2nd ed. (1952), Vol. 1, 168, 370-2.
141. ^ Encyclopaedia Biblica column 3550.
142. ^ Referred to by W C Lowdermilk, Palestine, Land of Promise (1944), 47.
143. ^ The Holy Land (1966), 220, 221.
144. ^ Letter of 16 December 1941 reported by Lowdermilk, ibid, 47.
145. ^ Die Bevolkerung der griechischromischen Welt (1886), 242-9.
146. ^ Economic Background of the Gospels (1926), 83.
147. ^ Byatt, 1973.
148. ^ Daily Life in Palestine at the Time of Christ (1962), 43.
149. ^ Preparing the Way for Paul (1930), 115.
150. ^ History of New Testament Times (1949), 189.
151. ^ Mission und Ausbreitung des Christentums (1915), 1, 10.
152. ^ Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus (1969), 205.
153. ^ The Density of Population in Ancient Palestine, Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol 66 (1947), 425-36.
154. ^ Bernard Lewis, Studies in the Ottoman Archives--I, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 469-501, 1954
155. ^ Katz, 115 citing C.F.C Conte de Volney: Travels through Syria & Egypt in the years 1783, 1784, 1785 (London, 1798). Vol II p. 219
156. ^ DellaPergola, 2001, p. 5.
157. ^ Scholch, 1985, p. 503.
158. ^ McCarthy, 1990, p.26.
159. ^ McCarthy, 1990.
160. ^ Sachar, p. 167.
161. ^ McCarthy, 1990, pp. 37-38.
162. ^ Katz, 114 citing Alphonse de Lamartine, Recollections of the East, Vol. I (London, 1845), pp. 268, 308.
163. ^ Chapter 56.
164. ^ Chapter 52.
165. ^ Chapter 49.
166. ^ Chapter 46.
167. ^ see: Tom Sawyer Abroad Chapter 1
168. ^ K. Christison, Perceptions of Palestine: Their Influence on U.S. Middle East Policy, Univ. of California Press, 1999; p16.
169. ^ K. Christison, Perceptions of Palestine: Their Influence on US Middle East Policy, Univ. of California Press, 1999; p. 20.
170. ^ B. B. Doumani, The political economy of population counts in Ottoman Palestine: Nablus, Circa 1950, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol 26 (1994) 1-17.
171. ^ J. McCarthy, The population of Ottoman Syria and Iraq, 1878-1914, Asian and African Studies, vol. 15 (1981) pp. 3-44. K. H. Karpat, Ottoman population 1830-1914 (Univ. Wisconsin Press, 1985).
172. ^ Alan Dowty, Much Ado about Little: Ahad Ha'am's "Truth from Eretz Yisrael", Zionism, and the Arabs, Israel Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Fall 2000) 154-181.
173. ^ The Lands of the Saracen, by Bayard Taylor
174. ^ Abu-Lughod, 1971, p. 126.
175. ^ RELANDI HADRIANI Palaestina ex monumentis veteribus illustrata. Trajecti Batavorum, Guilielmi, 1714., pages 648-649
176. ^ Marwan R. Beheiry, "The Agricultural Exports of Southern Palestine, 1885-1 9 14", Journal of Palestine Studies, volume 10, No. 4, 198 1, p. 67.
177. ^ Palestine's Economic Future: A Review of Progress and Prospects (London: Percy Lund Humphries and Co., Ltd., 1946), pp. 19-23.
178. ^ Palestine: The Original Sin , Meir Abelson [6]
179. ^ Heat, humidity, malaria, and yellow fever conspired to destroy the settlement of Am Olam near Newport Arkansas in 1884. Ninety percent of its residents became ill, and twenty died. After a miserable year, the remaining settlers decided to try their luck in other parts of the United States. The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture Project
180. ^ In 1882 the first Jewish agricultural colony in Kansas was established. It was named Beersheba. Dugouts and sod houses were constructed for homes, a synagogue, and school. Cow chips were used for fuel. Wells were dug and the native prairie was plowed and planted. Farming proved to be unprofitable and severe winters produced hardships. In the 1890s the colonists sold or abandoned their homesteads. A decade after the colony was established, no one remained and the land reverted to prairie. Beersheba and Early Kansas Town
181. ^ The Last of the Jewish Farmgirls
182. ^ Jewish Virtual Library: Arabs in Palestine
183. ^ Interim Report on the Civil Administration of Palestine
184. ^ Journal Abstract: Almut Nebel, Dvora Filon, Deborah A. Weiss, Michael Weale, Marina Faerman, Ariella Oppenheim, Mark G. Thomas. 2000 "High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews". Human Genetics 107(6): 630-641.
185. ^ Journal Article: Almut Nebel, Dvora Filon, Bernd Brinkmann, Partha P. Majumder, Marina Faerman, Ariella Oppenheim. 2001. "The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East". American Journal of Human Genetics 69(5): 1095–1112.
186. ^ From Time Immemorial - Natural Increase and the Growth of Palestine's Arab Population
187. ^ Sachar, p. 167.
188. ^ Sachar, pp. 167–168
189. ^ Gilbert, 2005, p. 16.
190. ^ Gottheil, 2003.
191. ^ ^{a b} McCarthy, 1990, p. 33.
192. ^ ^{a b} McCarthy, 1990, p. 16.
193. ^ McCarthy, 1990, p. 38.
194. ^ McCarthy, 1990, pp. 16-17.
195. ^ Gilbar, 1986, p. 188.
196. ^ Schmelz, 1990, pp. 15-67.
197. ^ Porath, Y. (1986). Mrs. Peters's Palestine. New York Review of Books. 16 January, 32 (21 & 22).
198. ^ Mrs. Peters's Palestine: An Exchange, The New York Review of Books, Volume 33, Number 5, March 27, 1986.
199. ^ Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Israel. "Population, by religion and population group" (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-04-08.
200. ^ Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Israel. "Jews and others, by origin, continent of birth and period of immigration" (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-04-08.
201. ^ Bennett Zimmerman & Roberta Seid (January 23, 2006). "Arab Population in the West Bank & Gaza: The Million Person Gap". American-Israel Demographic Research Group. Retrieved on 2006-09-27.
202. ^ Sergio DellaPergola (Winter 2007, No. 27). "Letter to the Editor". Azure. Retrieved on 2007-01-11.
203. ^ Jordan: Facts & Figures, accessed 22 May, 2007.
204. ^ CIA World Factbook, accessed 22 May, 2007.
205. ^ Assessment for Palestinians in Jordan, Minorities at Risk, accessed 22 May, 2007.

...Well over 500 total. Heh, kind of funny; these articles contain more citations than Pape's book contains case studies.

You're begging the question. It doesn't 'strengthen' your point at all; it completely contradicts what you said. Palestine is not being occupied by Israel, because there's no state to occupy! There never was.

Hilarious. You ignore the rest of what I cited, then go with Pape's cherry-picked single four year period where you might be able to argue that there were more secular suicide bombers hitting Israel (I would still contest Pape's 'research'), and that apparently is substantial evidence that Islamic extremism was not the motivation behind acts of terrorism like 9/11.

Tell you what, sweet cheeks, you go look-up the Madrid train bombings; in the meantime, here's a little something for you to puzzle over:

Pape's 'campaign' date cut-off? 1986.

The founding of Hamas by Ahmed Yassin? 1987.

My. That's a rather curious thing, isn't it?

It was not peer-reviewed science.

Anyway, Cap, we're getting further and further away from the topic of this thread. Do you have anything to say about Orwell's work?

Oh, wait. You already answered that.

Well, to be honest, I'm not sure that the Ministry of Truth draws parallels with religion as strongly as it does with politics. The Bible was not, afterall, a Stalinist attempt at 'retouching' history - it was an explanation from ignorance on how the world works. The key element here (IMHO) is obedience; the decrees from the Ministry are so infallible, so to (double)speak, that even history would be wrong to correct them.

There's definately an edge of 'don't question the word of the divine' there, but only to a certain degree. The Ministry would not likely declare radiometric dating as flawed - it would champion it's use, then distort the findings of scientists.

Of course, given that we're interpreting fiction and then using it as an analogue to religion, I imagine there's room for variety in interpretation.