Rook_Hawkins's picture

Try a more familiar

Try a more familiar story.  Prometheus.

Aeschylus writes in his play, Prometheus Bound, that Zeus, angry with mankind, saught to destroy them completely and start over with creation.  Prometheus, pitying mankind, came down to earth and gave man fire.  Fire brought man light in the darkness, allowed them to gain knowledge of the stars, and brought on them wisdom.  Zeus was no longer able to destroy man because of their ability to craft weapons and armor.  Prometheus had saved man from total destruction, and because of that Prometheus was crucified (stauros) to a rock, by Hepheastus, for which Zeus condemned him.   

A problem we run into with comparative religion is that people often forget that corellation does not equal causation.  Many early saviors were probably not known to Jews on a scale which would reach those scribes or poets to write about or reinterpret.  You need to establish, first and foremost, a strong background of socio-cultural interaction between Jews and whatever culture spawned the savior myth in question. 

In terms of Apollo, in Hamby's example, it is certainly possible that the Jews would have had some knowledge of Apollo, but do we have evidence of that interaction?  Not as much as would be necessary to prove it without some doubt.  In the question of my example, we have much more evidence.  What we have is the so-called 3rd Maccabees where the name Aeschylus appears frequently, we also have metric and grammatical references in the text of this Jewish work, which was written in Greek.  And when it comes to Orpheus we have even more evidence then that, including mosaics in synagogues, and dedications in inscriptions, just to name a few. 

These saviors certainly existed.  The question of their existence is no more disputable than Caesar's.  Instead, the more helpful question is why were these specific saviors so interesting to the Jews in the Diaspora and in the homeland?  Why did Jews connect more with Orpheus and Prometheus and Dionysus, than say other Greek or Egyptian gods?  Why did Jews choose these stories to reinterpret and reinvent?  These are the questions that are more important and more lasting, and more beneficial to scholarship in the long run.

 

 

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Et suppositio nil ponit in esse.

"You act ridiculously," said Ion, "to doubt every­thing. For my part, I should like to ask you what you say to those who free possessed men from their terrors by exorcising the spirits so manifestly. I need not discuss this: everyone knows about the Syrian from Palestine, the adept in it, how many he takes in hand who fall down in the light of the moon and roll their eyes and fill their mouths with foam; nevertheless, he restores them to health and sends them away normal in mind, delivering them from their straits for a large fee. When he stands beside them as they lie there and asks : 'Whence came you into his body?' the patient himself is silent, but the spirit answers in Greek or in the language of whatever foreign country he comes from, telling how and whence he entered into the man; whereupon, by adjuring the spirit and if he does not obey, threaten­ing him, he drives him out. Indeed, I actually saw one coming out, black and smoky in color." "It is nothing much," I remarked," for you, Ion, to see that kind of sight, when even the 'forms' that the father of your school, Plato, points out are plain to you, a hazy object of vision to the rest of us, whose eyes are weak." - Lucian, Lover of Lies

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